Chapter 1 Ethical Theory Provides a system of rules or principles as a guide in making decisions about what is right/wrong and good/bad

in a specific situation

Ethical Theory
Deontologist(Duty) Teleological (End Result) Concept Of Virtue(Moral Excellence)

Deontological Ethical Systems

MOTIVATION MATTERS.
Some acts are inherently good. Others are inherently bad. The consequences of the act are irrelevant. Example:
Charity is a moral act. Giving money to a poor person is morally correct. If the poor person buys drugs with the money, the original act of charity is still moral.

Deontology
Addresses the study of duty.
Immanuel Kant The key to morality is human will or intention, rather than consequences.

Deontologists have contended that sometimes humans have duties to perform, regardless of the consequences.

Possible Resolution is the Utilitarian Kantian Principle:

An action ought to be done only if:
doing the action treats as few people as possible as merely the means and as many people as possible as the end, and doing the action provides the most overall happiness possible.

Justice, Crime & Ethics, 5th ed., Copyright 2005 LexisNexis Anderson Publishing

Teleological Ethical Systems

RESULTS MATTER.
An act is good or bad depending on the results it brings about.
The consequences of the act are what is judged.

Example:
An act of charity might not be moral. If drug abuse is an immoral consequence, and an act of charity supports drug abuse, the act of charity could be considered immoral.

Utilitarianism (I)
(A teleological systemthe consequences are judged.)
One of its founders was John Stuart.

An actions morality depends on how much it contributes to the overall good of society. They seek to maximize pleasure and avoid pain. An ethical system should be consistent with this.

Utilitarianism (II)
If an act benefits many people and causes pain to a few, it is still good because

the greatest good for the greatest number

is more important than the pain of the smaller number.

We judge the morality of an action in terms of the consequences or results of that action.

Distributive Justice
Theory was proposed by John Rawals It is based on concept of fairness i.e. distribute the benefits equally

The Ethics of Virtue(Moral Excellence)

First taught by the Greek philosopher Aristotle :

The Purpose the thing is important. A thing is good when it perform its purpose and gives result.

Vedantic Ethics: Showing respect to elders God fear in all walk of life Pojja must be in any function Marriages are made in even and it is life bound.

Indian Ethical Thinkers Dharama:- Rightness Artha:- Creation Of Wealth Karma:- Desires & Needs Moksha:- Spiritual World

Hybrid Theory
Mixed Or Combined Karl Marx(Founder of modern Socialism & Communism) N. Machiavelli (He proposed how Prince or Rulers should behave)

Ethical Theories
CHARACTER

Moral Values DOMAINS

CONDUCT

Virtue Based Theories Teleological Theories

Consequences

Ethical Egoism Utilitarianism Altruism

Duty

Deontological Theories

Deontological Theories

Ethical Theories
Conduct Domain

Focus on the actions of the leader and his/her moral obligations and responsibilities to do the right thing

Teleological Theories Attempt to answer questions about right and wrong by focusing on whether an individuals conduct will produce desirable consequences
Ethical egoism - An individual should act so as to create the greatest good for herself/himself Utilitarianism - An individual should behave so as to create the greatest good for the greatest number Altruism - An individual should act in the interest of others even when Character Domain it runs contrary to his/her own interests

Virtue-Based Theories

Approach ethics from the viewpoint of a leaders character; virtues are rooted in the heart and disposition of the individual