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Robotics

A robot is a mechanical or virtual, artificial agent. A robot is usually an electro-mechanical system, which, by its appearance or movements, conveys a sense that it has intent or agency of its own. Robotics is the science and technology
of robots, their design, manufacture, and application. Robotics requires a working knowledge of electronics, mechanics, and software.
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A person working in the field is a roboticist.

A typical robot must have several, but not all of the following properties:

Is not 'natural' / has been artificially created. Can sense its environment. Can manipulate things in its environment. Has some degree of intelligence, or ability to make choices based on the environment, or automatic control / preprogrammed sequence. Is programmable. Can move with one or more axes of rotation or translation. Can make dexterous coordinated movements. Appears to have intent or agency (reification, anthropomorphisation or Pathetic fallacy

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Other definitions of robot

There is no one definition of robot which satisfies everyone,

and many people have written their own. For example, International standard ISO 8373 defines a "robot" as:" An automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose, manipulator programmable in three or more axes, which may be either fixed in place or mobile for use in industrial automation applications.
remarked I can't define a robot, but I know one when I see one.

Joseph Engelberger, a pioneer in industrial robotics, once

The Cambridge Online Dictionary defines "robot" as:

A machine used to perform jobs automatically, which is controlled by a computer

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History
The first industrial robot, digitally

operated and teachable, was invented by George Devol and was called the Unimate. It is worth noting that not a single patent was cited against his original robotics patent (No. 2,988,237). by Devol to General Motors in 1960 and installed in 1961 in a plant in Trenton, New Jersey to lift hot pieces of metal from a die-casting machine and stack them.

The first Unimate was personally sold

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Contemporary uses
Industrial robot and Domestic robot
Robots today have many missions, purposes, and motivations for their creation. They can be placed into roughly two categories based on the type of job they do:

Jobs which a robot can do better than a human. Here, robots can increase productivity, accuracy, and endurance.
Jobs which a human could do better than a robot, but it is desirable to remove the human for some reason. Here, robots free us from dirty, dangerous and dull tasks.

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Why Robots?
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Reduce repetitive motion injuries Reduced workers compensation claims Reduce turnover of skilled operators Increased throughput potential Productivity increase
Multi shift operation savings Larger reach capability Greater painting speed endurance

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Increased productivity, accuracy, and endurance

Jobs which require speed, accuracy, reliability, and endurance can be performed far better by a robot than by a human. This has lead to cheaper mass-produced goods, including automobiles and electronic goods.

The number of installed robots has grown faster and faster, and today there are more than 800,000 worldwide (42% in Japan, 40% in the EU and 18% in the USA).
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Some examples of factory robots include:

Car production
Packaging: Electronics: Automated Guided Vehicles:

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Food Industry
The world's fastest packing robot the new M-420iA which is available in two or four-axis configurations which can perform up to 3,000 cycles per hour. It can rotate through 180 and fits easily into any kind of production line.
Working at temperatures as low as minus 30 degrees centigrade without shivering is simply inhuman and that's why many frozen food manufacturers have turned to Fanuc robots.

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Painting

Automated robotic application of material brings consistency to the spray out process. Improve appearance consistency Improve product film build consistency Provide consistent gun target distance Reduce part defects
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Packaging & Palletising

Robots can be tailored to suit customers packaging and palletising requirements. The powerful M-410iWW is the world's largest palletising robot with a maximum payload of 400 kg, but it has the kind of agility that would put many a Sumo to shame.
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The Roboroo robot was developed by Holden, a car-making firm in Australia. Engineers wanted to design better protective bars for their cars and this plastic and metal test dummy was ideal to assess the effects of collisions with suicidal kangaroos. The first Roboroo was built in 1994.

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Bomb disposal robots make a dangerous job a little less hazardous. They're designed to search for, locate and neutralise explosive devices.
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Robodog is the world's most powerful, advanced and largest commercial legged robot.

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Current developments

Medical robotics :
is a growing field and regulatory approval has been granted for the use of robots in minimally invasive procedures. Robots are being used in performing highly delicate, accurate surgery, or to allow a surgeon who is located remotely from their patient to perform a procedure using a robot controlled remotely. More recently, robots can be used autonomously in surgery

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Dangers and fears

Although current robots are not believed to

have developed to the stage where they pose any threat or danger to society , fears and concerns about robots have been repeatedly expressed in a wide range of books and films. robot, especially a future model moving freely in a human environment, is potentially dangerous because of its large moving masses, powerful actuators and unpredictably complex behavior. A robot falling on someone or just stepping on his foot by mistake could cause much more damage to the victim than a human being of the same size.

Even without malicious programming, a

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