WATERsafe, sustainable and for all

Water: The Drop of Life

DEFINITION OF THE PROJECT: WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN DELHI

-GIVING A NEW LIFE TO RIVER YAMUNA, THUS TO DELHI

BY THE AUGMENTATION OF GROUND WATER BY RAIN

HARVESTING UNIT.

TRADITIONAL WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

The traditional water harvesting strategies had effected an integration of storm and floodwater regulation, wastewater collection, drinking water supply and micro-irrigation. These were Location specific, Slope efficient, Gravitation based, Kunda with a well, Roti Inexpensive and non extractive methods of harvesting the extremely limited fresh water supply, accessible to human use. Indian communities had perfected management of the natural watersheds of forests, hills and dales, using knowledge of the hydrological regimes and rhythms, water veins and aquifers, Pushkarni at Loni slope and lie of land, history and movement of Bhapkar rivers. CONTINUING TRADITIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES: Aside from archaeological examples, water harvesting structures continue to be maintained by endogenous communities all over the country. Groundwater continues to be drawn from aquifers or palaeo channels in Rajasthan through bardi (shallow wells in depressions), tankas, khadin and johad (underground storage pits), kunds (cisterns CASE in catchments), beris (wells on river beds).

WATER SYSTEMS AT UDAIGIRI:

View of udaigiri caves showing a tank

Udayagiri consists of two hills joined together with a low ridge or a saddle. The hills are aligned northeast-southwest, forming a crescent-shaped pocket in the west with ancient The western end of the passage leads to a high embankment of a tank, two sides of which are formed by two sides of the northern hill divided by a valley. There are three other tanks and two major channels apart from minor drains forming four independent water systems at Udayagiri

CASE

CONTEMPORARY WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Rain water harvesting system * In areas where there is inadequate advantages
groundwater supply or surface resources are either lacking or insufficient, rainwater harvesting offers an ideal solution . Urban centers in India are facing an ironical * Helps in utilizing the primary source of water and prevent the runoff from going situation today. On one hand there is the into sewer or storm drains, thereby acute water scarcity and on the other, the reducing the load on treatment plants. streets are often flooded during the Reduces urban flooding. monsoons. * Recharging water into the aquifers help in improving the quality of existing groundwater through dilution This system is practiced on a large scale in cities like Chennai, and Bangalore where rainwater harvesting is a part of the state policy. Elsewhere, countries like Germany, Japan, United States, and Singapore are also adopting rainwater harvesting.

CASE

The system consists of a collection tank, slow sand filtration, and a living systems componentwhich uses aquatic plants and fish to purify the water. The rainwater collection basin is located on the roof of the Farm Centre and integrated with the existing roof structure and drainage systems. An example of a Rainwater Harvesting System. This one is integrated into the design of a home and yard i Portland

Parapet wall has been given corrugated profile to facilitate more quantity of rain flow to the gutter

CASE

INDIA

DELHI

TOWARDS ITO

HATHI SHALA, ADJACENT TO VIKAS MARG, NEAR ITO, DELHI

SITE DETAILS:
LOCATION: Hathi Shala, adjacent to Vikas Marg, near ITO, Delhi AREA: 1.2 sq km LANDUSE: Agricultural

CRITERIA FOR CHOOSING SITE: Proximity to river Better geology conditions

SITE

22 Km STRETCH OF YAMUNA ALONG DELHI

THE RIVER

YAMUNA & DELHIthe relationship

STATE SEGMENT CATERED BY YAMUNA AREA COVERED

Delhi

Wazirabad Barrage to Okhla Barrage

(22 kms)

NAME OF STATE

TOTAL CATCHMENT %AGE AREA IN YAMUNA (IN CONTRIBUTION TO SQ. KM.) THE SUPPLY

Delhi

1485

0.4

The river bed area in Delhi is 97 sq km. The whole of it is coarse sand up to a depth of 40m. This feature is the key to the riverbed recharge capability!!

Sources of Water in Delhi

Delhi receives its water from 3 sources: A. Surface Water: 86% of Delhi's total water supply comes from surface water, namely the Yamuna River, which equals 4.6% of this resource through interstate agreements. B. Sub-surface water: Rainey wells and tube wells. This source, which is met through rainfall (approx. 611.8 mm in 27 rainy days), and unutilized rainwater runoff, is 193 MCM (million cubic meters). C. Graduated Resources: It is estimated at 292 MCM, however current withdrawal equals 312 MCM. Salinity and over exploitation has contributed to depletion and drastically effected the availability of water in different parts of the city. However, according to a report released by the Central Ground Water Board (GCWB), Delhi's ground-water level has gone down by about eight meters in the last 20 years at the rate of about a foot a year.

PRESET SITUATION Source: Delhi Jal Board

SITE

WATER REQUIREMENT OF DELHI

The requirement of water conservation

Delhi is experiencing increasing pressure to meet demand for its water resources. Growing urbanization, improvements in living standards, exploding population are just some of the contributing factors. Average water consumption in Delhi is estimated at being 274 liters per capita per day (lpcd), the highest in the country. The large-scale extraction of groundwater is a result of this widening gap between the demand (830 mgd) and supply (650mgd) of water. And still worse, serious doubts are also being raised about both the quality and quantity of groundwater. The population of Delhi is expected to cross 220 lakhs by the end of 2021.

SITE

HYDRO-GEOLOGY OF DELHI

GEOLOGY OF DELHI OF SITE: GEOLOGY ALLUVIAL

NOTE : INDICATES THE SITE

BEDROCK LEVELS OF VARIOUS PARTS OF DELHI BED ROCK LEVEL OF SITE : 35m

SITE

MONTHLY AVERAGES ACROSS CHOSEN YEARS FOR PRECIPITATION [PERIOD:FROM 2001 TO 2002],[UNITS:INTEGER,MM ]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec GROUNDWATER QUALITY OF VARIOUS BLOCKS OF DELHI. THE QUALITY IN THE AREA OF THE SITE IS CONSIDERED ALL RIGHT. Average across years 12.4 11.95 2.85 13.8 30.7 60.35 75.05 176.5 93.5 1.95 0.0 4.85

AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL OF DELHI: 611mm PRESENT RUNOFF OF RAINFALL IN DELHI : 50%

SITE

WATER TABLE FLUCTUATION IN DELHI

As can be compared from the data given above, the water fluctuation

levels of Delhi is highly alarming. The situation is worsening due to exploitation of groundwater at a rate higher than the rate of its replenishment. Rain water harvesting is a boon for us in the given scenario. Recharging of groundwater from rain water harvesting can meet more than half of the citys supply demands. SITE

CATCH THE RAIN WHERE IT FALLS

THE CONCEPT

The atharvaveda invokes mother earth to yield the life giving water to those of pure conduct and right means , and to punish water polluters in these words: , I I I The system is devised to work on a pressure knob,.i.e. When the level of water Usage of natural materials for rainwater increases the defined limit, the discharge of filter chamber therefore cost of materials Financial water into river stops reduced Sustainability & Environmental Accountability

Sustainability
Using natural cleansers of water like fine sand, microbiotic culture.

Operational Efficiency

Vision Improved Services To the Poor

Increase in ground water level. The level of river Yamuna increases.

Customer Orientation & HRD

Continuous Supply

WHY RAINWATER ?? An ideal solution to water problems in areas having inadequate water resources.
The ground water level will rise. Mitigates the effects of drought & achieves drought proofing. Will reduces the runoff which chokes the storm water drains. Flooding of roads and low land areas will reduce Quality of water will improve. Soil erosion will be reduced.

THE CONCEPT

SETTLEMEN T
RAIN WATER COLLECTING PIPE RAIN WATER PIPES COLLECTING RAIN WATER FROM RESIDENTIAL AREA MAIN RAIN WATER PIPES

GROUND LEVEL PRIMARY INLET

The pressure knobs get activated when the levels of water rises the defined limit and closes the valves of the rain water filter chamber for further flow of water.

PRESENT SITUATION RIVER

RAIN WATER FILTER CHAMBER MAIN INLET The water saturates the soil and thus recharges the river by capillary action

River

PRESSURE KNOB SYSTEM WATER RISING THROUGH CAPILLARY ACTION

After saturation of ground

CLEAN WATER GETTING DISCHARGED INTO THE GROUND

SITUATION AFTER IMPOSITION OF PLANT

CONCEPTUAL SKETCH OF THE PROPOSED

THE CONCEPT

ANALYSING THE NUMBER OF CISTERNS

A suitable size of cistern was taken as 6 m diameter and 25 m depth. The size is considered suitable keeping in mind the bedrock levels of the area, i.e., 50 m deep.

The number of cisterns has been calculated keeping the projected population in 2021 in mind.
Estimated population of Delhi in 2021 = 220 lakhs Present per capita per day water demand= 274 lcpd

Total demand in 2021= 220,0,000 X 274= 6.02 X 109 litres.

Volume of 1 cistern= 2826 X 103 litres Ideal no. of cisterns required = 6.02 X 109 / 2826 X 103 = 2130 No. of cisterns in our site= 97

THE CONCEPT

GROUND LVL 5m

MAIN INLET Dia : 1m

WATER

MICROBIOTIC CULTURE is added to naturally clean the water and the tank , thereby reducing the cost of maintenance GRAVEL (5m thick layer) Dia: 6m FINE SAND ( 8 m thick layer) WATER PERCOLATIN G OUTLET PORES

MATERIAL : GI

25 m

RAIN WATER FILTER CISTERN

THE DESIGN

THE DESIGN
THE DESIGN HAS TRIED TO INCORPORATE BOTH THE PRINCIPLES OF RAINWATER HARVESTING AND WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT. THE CISTERNS ARE CONNECTED TO THE RAINWATER HARVESTING UNITS OF THE BUILT UP AREAS IN VICINITY THROUGH A NETWORK OF PIPES. THE WATER PERCOLATED BY THE CISTERN (EQUAL TO THE VOLUME OF THE CISTERN) ADDS TO THE GROUNDWATER. TYHIS SATURATES THE SOIL AND THUS RECHARGES THE RIVER THROUGH UPWARD CAPILLARY ACTION.

THE PARKING AREA IS SLOPED TOWARD THE RIVER. TREES WITH CRESCENT SHAPED LANDSCAPE HOLDING AREA. THE DESIGN

A LANDSCAPED AREA HAS BEEN DEVELOPED IN THE AREA WHICH UTILIZES THE WASTE WATER FROM THE BUILT UP AREA. THE WASTE WATER IS FILTERED THROUGH A FILTER TANK ABOVE GROUND.
THE WATER CHANNEL THUS FLOWS AND ADDS TO THE LANDSCAPE

AESTHETICS, ULTIMATELY FLOWING INTO THE RIVER.

THE PLAN OF THE SITE IS ENCLOSED IN A DRAWING

THE DESIGN

THE CENTRAL O.A.T. THE DESIGN

EFFICIENCY OF THE DESIGN

WITH RESPECT TO WATER SUPPLY:

1. 2.
3. 4. 5.

QUALITY OF THE WATER SUPPLY WILL IMPROVE

THERE IS SCOPE OF EQUAL DISTRIBUTION AND ALSO BULK SUPPLY IS A BOON IT WILL ADD TO THE EXISTING WATER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM THERE ARE REDUCED HEALTH RISKS DUE TO BETTER QUALITY MONITORING. IT IS COST EFFICIENT AS TRADITIONAL METHODS OF PURIFICATION HAVE BEEN INCULCATED. THIS WOULD ENSURE THAT THE SYSTEM IS POCKET- FRIENDLY FOR THE POOR.

WITH RESPECT TO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT:

1. 2. REDUCED POLLUTION AND CONTAMINATION OF RIVER YAMUNA BETTER CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES DUE TO EFFECTIVE MONITORING

THE DESIGN

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1. CASE STUDIES: a. Traditional Water Management Systems of India
Edited by: Kalyan Kumar Chakravarty Gyani Lal Badam Vijay Paranjpye

b.

www.rainharvesting.org

2. DELHI JAL BOARD 3. INTERNET BASED SEARCH: a.www.indiawaterportal.org b.www.rainharvesting.org c.Google search

THANK YOU

-BY SAKSHI JAIN , SURUCHI SHAH