Tuesday, September 10, 2013 TOPS Technologies - Java Tutorial

TOPS Technologies Java Introductory Tutorial

INTRODUCTION TO JAVA

TOPS Technologies Java Introductory Tutorial Module :1( theory) http://www.tops-int.com/

WELCOME

History First Java Application Data types Variables Strings Assignments Math, Boolean expressions Relational operations If statements System.exit

TOPS Technologies Java Introductory tutorial M1

VERY BRIEF HISTORY

Started in 1991 by SUN Microsystems Targeted at consumer electronics. Wanted reliable programming language. Integrated into browsers Evolved into write once run anywhere, integrates into Netscape General purpose libraries released

TOPS Technologies Java Introductory tutorial M1

COURSE INFORMATION

Textbook: Java in a Nutshell Reading class 1 chapters 1,2

TOPS Technologies Java Introductory tutorial M1

BASIC DEFINITIONS

Java is an object oriented language.

Object Method Class Applications Applets Native classes Threads Exceptions

TOPS Technologies Java Introductory tutorial M1

FIRST APPLICATION
/** *Hello World, first application, only output. */ import java.io.*; public class hello{ public static void main (String [] args) { System.out.println(Hello World\n); } //end main }//end class

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HOW TO GET IT RUNNING

Text in hello.java file

Why?
javac hello.java java hello

To compile:

To run:

TOPS Technologies Java Introductory tutorial M1

NOTICE:

Java is CASE SENSITIVE!! Whitespace is ignored by compiler Whitespace makes things easier to readhence it affects your grade File name has to be the same as class name in file. Need to import necessary class definitions

TOPS Technologies Java Introductory tutorial M1

VARIABLES

Variables:

Name Type Value

May contain numbers,underscore,dollar sign, or letters Can not start with number Can be any length Reserved keywords Case sensitive
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Naming:

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PRIMITIVE DATA TYPES

Byte Short Int Long Float Double Boolean Char 8 16 32 64 32 64 1 16 -27 -215 -231 27-1 215-1 231-1

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ASSIGNMENT

= Example: int n; n = 10; or int n = 10; //same

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STRINGS

Not a primitive class, its actually something called a wrapper class To find a built in classs method use API documentation. String is a group of chars A character has single quotes char c = h; A String has double quotes String s = Hello World; Method length int n = s.length;
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TOPS Technologies Java Introductory tutorial M1

USING STRINGS
public class hello{ public static void main (String [] args) { String s = Hello World\n; System.out.println(s); //output simple string } //end main }//end class hello

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MATH

Unary

int x = -9;
int y = 3+x;

Regular math (+,-,*,/)

% modulo operator

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INCREMENTING

Increment and Decrement i++ equivalent to i = i + 1; Can also do ++i, which uses i before incrementing it. Decrementing: i--;

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CASTING
int n = 40; Wrong : byte b = n; why?? Right: byte b = (byte) n; Type casting converts to target type

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CASTING II

Type char is stored as a number. The ASCII value of the character. A declaration of :

char c = B; stores the value 66 in location c can use its value by casting to int how??

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ASSIGNMENT

+= -= *= /= %=

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BOOLEAN EXPRESSIONS

boolean b b will be either true (1) or false (0) Logical operations: !(not), && (and) || (or) boolean a,b; a = true; b = false; System.out.println (a && b is + (a && b));

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RELATIONAL OPERATORS
==

!=
> <

>=
<=

equality inequality greater than less than greater than or equal to less than or equal to

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THE IF - BRANCHING STATEMENT

if ( x < y) {

x = y; }

if ( x < y ) { x = y; } else { x = 88; }

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IF/ELSE

if (logic condition) { something } else if (logic condition) { something } else { something else }

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NESTED IF
if ( x < 0 ) { System.out.println( x is negative ); } else { if ( x > 0 ) { System.out.println ( x is positive ); } //end if x > 0 else { System.out.println ( x is zero ); } } //end else x >=0
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SWITCH/CASE
Switch(variable) {
case(1): something; break; case(23): something; break; default: something; }

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EXCEPTIONS

Java exception object. java.io.Exception most general one. Some exception like in Throwable class define methods to get the message.

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TRY.CATCH BLOCKS. Try { . } catch ( IOException v) { . }

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SYSTEM.OUT.PRINTLN

println is a method in the Printstream class. Defined:

public void println(String x) can be any type of string or combination string using addition to join parts. Example: println(hello + world + x);

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SYSTEM.EXIT()

One method in java.lang.System Defined: public static void exit ( int status) Terminates currently running Java VM Status is status code, non zero will usually mean something abnormal. Used at end to indicate success, or in middle to signal problems.

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