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    Devsamridhi Arora
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    This document describes different classification schemes for igneous rocks. It divides rocks based on their visible crystal size into phaneritic, aphanitic, and porphyritic. It further separates them by composition into felsic, intermediate, and mafic rocks. Specific rock types are classified based on their mineralogy and texture. Classification diagrams organize common rock types into groups based on their mineral proportions and textures.

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    igneaous rocks and its classification

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    This document describes different classification schemes for igneous rocks. It divides rocks based on their visible crystal size into phaneritic, aphanitic, and porphyritic. It further separates them by composition into felsic, intermediate, and mafic rocks. Specific rock types are classified based on their mineralogy and texture. Classification diagrams organize common rock types into groups based on their mineral proportions and textures.

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    265 views12 pages

    Classification of Igneous Rocks

    Uploaded by

    Devsamridhi Arora
    This document describes different classification schemes for igneous rocks. It divides rocks based on their visible crystal size into phaneritic, aphanitic, and porphyritic. It further separates them by composition into felsic, intermediate, and mafic rocks. Specific rock types are classified based on their mineralogy and texture. Classification diagrams organize common rock types into groups based on their mineral proportions and textures.

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    of 12

    Classification of igneous rocks

    Phaneritic: crystals visible with naked eye Plutonic or intrusive rocks


    Phaneritic

    Aphanitic: crystal too small for naked eye Volcanic or extrusive rocks

    Aphanitic

    Porphyritic: two different, dominant grain sizes Large Crystals = phenocrysts; Small Crystals = groundmass

    Porphyritic

    Fragmental: composed of disagregated igneous material Pyroclastic rocks


    Pyroclastic

    Pegmatitic

    Pegmatitic:

    very large xtals (cm to 10s of cm); i.e., slowly cooled Forms veins or layers within plutonic body
    Glassy

    Glassy:

    non-crystalline; cools very fast (e.g., obsidian) Volcanic rocks


    Vesicular

    Vesicular:

    vesicles (holes, pores, cavities) form as gases expand Volcanic rocks

    Classification of Igneous Rocks


    Pyroclastic rocks

    Classification of the pyroclastic rocks. a. Based on type of material. After Pettijohn (1975) Sedimentary Rocks, Harper & Row, and Schmid (1981) Geology, 9, 40-43. b. Based on the size of the material. After Fisher (1966) Earth Sci. Rev., 1, 287-298.

    Compositional terms for igneous rocks


    Felsic: feldspar + silica ~55-70% silica, K-feldspar > 1/3 of feldspars present light-colored silicate minerals Continental crust Intermediate: between felsic and mafic ~55-65% silica, plag > 2/3 of feldspars present Na-rich plag predominates over Ca-rich plag Mafic: magnesium + ferric iron ~45-50% silica; Ca-rich plag dominant feldspar dark silicate minerals Oceanic crust Ultramafic: >90% mafic minerals, silica < 45%, few or no feldspars Mantle-derived

    Classification of common igneous rocks


    Composition Phaneritic
    Felsic
    Granite Syenite Monzonite Granodiorite Diorite Gabbro Peridotite

    Aphanitic
    Rhyolite Trachyte Latite Dacite Andesite Basalt

    Color index
    (% dark minerals)

    Intermediate Mafic Ultramafic

    10 15 20 20 25 50 95

    Mineralogical terms of Igneous Rocks

    Mineralogical terms of Igneous Rocks

    Classification of Igneous Rocks

    . A chemical classification of volcanics based on total alkalis vs. silica. After Le Bas et al. (1986) J. Petrol., 27, 745-750. Oxford University Press.

    (a)

    The rock must contain a total of at least 10% of the minerals below. Renormalize to 100%

    Q
    Quartzolite
    90 90

    Classification of Phaneritic Igneous Rocks


    Plutonic rocks

    Quartz-rich Granitoid
    60 60

    Granite

    Granodiorite

    Alkali Fs. Quartz Syenite Alkali Fs. Syenite


    5

    20

    20

    Quartz Syenite
    10

    Quartz Monzonite
    35

    Quartz Monzodiorite
    65

    Qtz. Diorite/ Qtz. Gabbro


    5 Diorite/Gabbro/

    Syenite
    (Foid)-bearing Syenite

    A
    10

    Monzonite (Foid)-bearing Monzonite

    Monzodiorite
    (Foid)-bearing Monzodiorite

    90

    Anorthosite

    P
    10 (Foid)-bearing Diorite/Gabbro

    (Foid)-bearing Alkali Fs. Syenite (Foid) Monzosyenite (Foid) Monzodiorite

    Figure. A classification of the phaneritic igneous rocks. a. Phaneritic rocks with more than 10% (quartz + feldspar + feldspathoids). After IUGS.

    60

    60

    (Foid)olites

    Classification of Aphanitic Igneous Rocks


    Volcanic rocks
    20

    60

    60

    Rhyolite

    Dacite

    20

    Trachyte

    Latite
    35

    Andesite/Basalt
    65

    A
    10

    (foid)-bearing Trachyte

    (foid)-bearing Latite

    (foid)-bearing Andesite/Basalt

    10

    Phonolite

    Tephrite

    A classification and nomenclature of volcanic rocks. After IUGS.


    60 60

    (Foid)ites

    Classification of Igneous Rocks


    Plagioclase

    Gabbroic rocks

    Anorthosite
    90

    Figure. A classification of the phaneritic igneous rocks. b. Gabbroic rocks. c. Ultramafic rocks. After IUGS.

    Ga bb ro

    lite cto Tro

    Olivine

    Olivine gabbro

    Ultramafic rocks

    Dunite
    90

    Peridotites
    Plagioclase-bearing ultramafic rocks

    Lherzolite
    40

    Pyroxene

    (b)
    (c)

    Olivine
    Olivine Websterite
    10

    Orthopyroxenite

    Pyroxenites

    10

    Orthopyroxene

    Websterite Clinopyroxenite

    Clinopyroxene

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