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What is a balanced diet ?

A diet which matches the nutrient and energy requirements of an animal regardless of its life stage or lifestyle

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What are nutrients ?

Nutrients are the components of food which have a function in ..
Providing energy Starting and controlling various processes,

e.g. vitamin C and immune system iron and red blood cells

Providing material for growth, repair, reproduction

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Nutrients include ..

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 The function of carbohydrate is ...

Energy (eg for the brain, muscles) Digestive health - fibre increases dietary bulk, prevents constipation fermented to produce short chain fatty acids to feed the lining of the digestive tract

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Protein is required for ..

Tissue building and maintenance

e.g. hair, skin, organs, muscle, antibodies, enzymes, hormones

Regulation of metabolism
e.g. insulin, thyroxin Energy
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Quality depends upon ..

digestibility

EAA profile

Quantity of N to make new AAs

Highest quality
Eggs & milk Meat (fish bird, mammal) Vegetable / plant Lowest quality
Contains right balance of all EAAs

Lacking in some EAAs

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Skin & coat condtion Concentrated energy source Palatability

Source of essential fatty acids Linoleic acid Linolenic acid

Brain and retinal development

Insulation and protection of organs

Fat soluble vitamins (A D E K) are stored in fat

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 Contains hydrogen and oxygen ESSENTIAL for normal function Function required for all body fluids carrier of vitamins (C, B) dissolves nutrients and transports them around the body heat exchange Source - e.g. vegetables, meat

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 Inorganic elements (referred to collectively as Ash) divided into macrominerals eg calcium, phosphorous microminerals (trace elements) In excess most are toxic Important for

bones & teeth, e.g. calcium and phosphorous body fluids, e.g. sodium and potassium components of many enzymes

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 Organic compounds which help to regulate body processes fat soluble e.g. A, D, E, K (generally stored in the body) water soluble e.g. B, C (excess generally excreted) Function: eyesight - vitamin A antioxidants - vitamin C and E skeleton - vitamin D metabolism - vitamin E Sources: cereal, fish oils, nuts, liver, fruit & vegetables

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What about energy ? why is it so important ?

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Thanks

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What about energy requirement?

EI>EE (gain weight) EI<EE (lose weight)

Energy intake has to match energy requirement more closely than nutrients
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Energy content of food

1 gram of protein equals 5.65kcal of energy

BUTTER

Energy

1 gram of fat equals 9.4kcal of energy

1 gram of carbohydrate equals 4.15kcal of energy

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Energy Needs
Body Size Body composition Degree of exercise Physiological state and Ambient temperature

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Designing balanced diets

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Criteria for a complete diet

in balance with energy content Each nutrient is ... in balance with other nutrients on the plateau

in a useable form

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Adult cats needs 4 x and dogs 2 x the protein of an adult human

Human Cat

Dog

Kittens needs 10 x and puppies almost 3 x more protein than a baby

Baby Kitten Puppy

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Thanks
Submitted by Harshit Pandey St. johns Public School

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If you also want to share your own or your kids presentation(ppt) please send it on info@makemegenius.com

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If you also want to share your own or your kids presentation(ppt) please send it on info@makemegenius.com

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