AUTOMATION OF UNMANNED RAILWAY GATE CONTROL SYSTEM USING AT89S52 MICROCONTROLLER

PRESENTED BY
L.VANI(09141A04A8) MD.UMAR(09141A04A7) A.UDAY(09141A04A6)

under the guidance of CH.RAGHU RAMA RAJU, SRTIST,NALGONDA.

INTRODUCTION
Railways being the cheapest mode of transportation are preferred over all the other means.

Due to carelessness in manual operations or lack of workers we come across many railway accidents occurring at unmanned railway crossings. Using simple electronic components we have tried to automate the control of railway gates.

DISCRIPTION
This project is a standalone automatic unmanned railway gate control system using AT89S52 MCU. The gate is closed automatically when ever the train comes and gate is opened after the train leaves the railway road crossing. Use of embedded tech. makes this closed loop feedback control system more efficient and reliable.

HARDWARE
AT89S52 Micro controller allows dynamic and faster control . LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) makes the system user -friendly, displays status of train. Stepper motor useful for opening and closing of gate by rotating it. ULN 2803 to drive the stepper motor for the purpose of gate control. IR sensors.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

OPERATION
The system comprises of two IR Transmitter - Receiver pairs . One TX-Rx pair is located at one end of railway gate . Second pair is located at another end of gate. In each pair the TX-Rx are arranged face to face across the railway track. The Rx should continuously get the signal from transmitter.

 Whenever any train is arriving on the track, the IR signal gets disturbed due to interruption of train. Thus the microcontroller identifies the arriving of train. Before closing gate the MCU gives siren to alert the people who are on the track. After 30 sec, controller will close the gate by rotating the stepper motor. MCU should know whether the train has left the crossing or not . The second IR pair is used for this.

 The second IR pair identifies the train since the signal gets disturbed when it comes in between TX-RX. The MCU will wait till the last compartment and when it left the IR pair , the receiver again gets IR signal. Hence MCU knows that train left the gate ,then it will open the gate by rotating stepper motor. This project uses regulated 5V, 500mA power supply. 7805 three terminal voltage regulator for voltage regulation.

FEATURES AND PIN DIAGRAM OF AT89S52 MICROCONTROLLER

8K Bytes of In-System reprogrammable Flash

128 bytes- Internal RAM. A full duplex serial port Watch dog timer On-chip oscillator & clock circuitry 6 interrupt sources

IR SENSORS
Infrared (IR) radiation is electromagnetic radiation. At temperatures cooler than that, the heat waves emitted are invisible and are called infrared waves. Infrared light comprises the lower frequency energy emissions which are undetectable by the human eye. IR can reveal useful information about our environment. The IR LED emitting infrared light is put on in the transmitting unit. In receiver section, the first part is a sensor(TSOP1738), which detects IR pulses transmitted by IR-LED

IR TX-RX units

LCD
Liquid Crystal Display which combines the properties of both liquid and crystals. FEATURES: 4-bit or 8-bit MPU Interface. 14 pin/terminals. Works with almost any Microcontroller

Controller: HD47780 equivalent. Maximum input voltage: 5.3VDC. Standard Type

STEPPER MOTOR
Stepper motor is a brushless , synchronous electric motor that can divide a full rotation into a large no. of steps. OPERATION: Increase or decrease the RPM (speed) of it. Increase or decrease number of revolutions of it. Change its direction means rotate it clockwise or anticlockwise.

MODEL OF PROJECT

Power Supply

Gate Control Unit

Click icon to add picture

2 3 4

Un-Manned Level Crossing with ACD

1.Location box 2.Radio tower with antenna 3.Power supply module 4.Hooter and flasher unit both sides.

advantages
Effective in implementation. Low power consumption, and compact size. High reliability. Works on AC or DC power supply. Real-time interface. Safety and quality of services. IR is chosen for remote control purposes. LEDs are quite easy to make, very cheap. Reduced the Manpower.

applications
Same gate control principle can be used for automatic track switching unit. detection for two trains coming on same track case. It can also be used to operate a garage door. Real time transport systems.

conclusion
When the train arrives in a particular direction the transmitter IR senses and generates appropriate signal, then at the same time the receiver IR receives the signal and generates an interrupt.

When the interrupt is generated the stepper motor rotates in clockwise direction. When the interrupt ends the stepper motor rotates in anti clock wise direction.


thank you