Kingdom Protista

Sexual reproduction

Phylum Euglenophyta with both plant and animal characteristics

(Euglenoids, plantimals)

Euglena viridis-

unicellular form

Phacus

Trachelomonas non-motile form

Cyst stage- thick dormant stage when conditions become unfavorable or adverse

Economic importance:
Producers

of aquatic environment Food for aquatic animals Increase oxygen concentration Indicators of water pollution

Phylum Chrysophyta yellow green algae

Oogonium -female

Antheridium- male

Coenocytic, monoecious, homothallic

Vaucheria

Oogamy- fusion of large non-motile egg cell and small motile sperm cell

Oospore
diploid product of oogamy

Synura- equally
biflagellated

Ochromonas- unequally
biflagellated

Chrysamoeba
radians uniflagellated

Dinobryon

DiatomsJewels of the algal

world

Epitheca upper valve cingulum

Diatom cell

Hypothecalower valve

Centric diatom marine and radially symmetrical

Pennate fresh water species, motile, bilateral symmetry

Polar nodule Median raphe

Lateral ridges

Polar nodule

Economic importance

Diatomaceous earth

piles of dead silicious walls of diatoms

Soundproofing materials Metal polish Petroleum products Toothpaste

Phylum Pyrrophyta =

causal agent for Red TIDE

epicone

Transverse groove

hypocone
Whiplash - pushing

Tinsel- rotating

Noctiluca

Ceratium little horn

Economic importance
Red

tide algal bloom Color the water reddish brown Produces a toxin satitoxin PSP paralytic shellfish poisoning

Most diverse among the algae

Phylum Chlorophyta green algae

With

chl a and b Starch Cellulosic cell wall Starch reserved food

Different thalli organization

1. Unicellular

Chlamydomonas with cup shaped chloroplast

Cosmarium
Commonly called desmid semi cells

2. Parenchymatous one cell

Ulva lactucaSea lettuce

(paper-like) thick

Udotea=

calcareous green alga

3. siphonous, tubular,coenocytic
Enteromorpha intestinalisBitukang manok edible

Hydrodictyon, coenocytic, siphonous

Caulerpa taxipholia, Caulerpa racemosa

commonly called ar-arosep. Edible green algae, rich in iodine and minerals

4. Calcareous cell wall encrusted with

calcium carbonate

Halimeda

Halicoryne

Acetabularia

mermaids wine glass

Gametangial rays

5. filamentous

zygospore

Oedogonium branched filamentous green algae

Spirogyra spiral-shaped chloroplast

Spiral-shaped chloroplast

Conjugation tube

Spirogyra scalariform conjugation

Ulothrix- H-shaped chloroplast

6. Colonial - coenobic

Colony with specific number of unicells

Gonium coenobic colonial

Pandorina

Phylum Charophyta
worts, stone worts

brittle

Oogonium and antheridium -multicellular -Protected with sterile jacket cells

Reproductive organ of Chara

Phylum Phaeophyta Brown algae

Multicellular
Marine Fucoxanthin

brown pigment Mannitol reserved food Alginic acid- for commercial purposes

Alternation of Generation Two phases of life cycle haploid sexual phase produces gametes Sporophyte diploid asexual phase
Gametophyte

produces spores

Three classes
Class Class

Isogenerate= G(n) and

S(2n)

are morphologically the same

Heterogenerate= G(n) and S(2n)

are morphologically different.

Class

Cyclosporae= no alternation of

generation

Fucus rock weed

Sargassum
Gulf weed
Blade leafike Stipe- stem like Rhizoids root like

Floats- berry like

Padina

Dictyota

Colpomenia

Economic importance 1. source of alginic acid 2. source of sulfated polysaccharides such as fucoidan and fucans

Phylum Rhodophyta Red algae

Marine Phycoerythrin

and phycocyanin Floridean starch/floridosides Triphasic life cycle

Polysiphonia with antheridia

Carpogonia (carposporophyte) with carpospores

Polysiphonia terasporphyte with tetraspores

Corallina, lime-encrusted red alga

Porphyra nereocystis

Amphiroa

Halymenia

Sebdenia

Gelidium purpurascens,
The agar (the stuff in petri dishes to stiffen bacteria food, also found in puddings, jellies, mayonnaise, and laxatives) containing seaweed . This seaweed is not purple, but bright red, and very useful economically.