By Chandrappa S Saunshi. Under the Guidance of: Dr.

Abhilash E

Contents

Introduction Mechanical properties Physical properties Applications

Introduction
An inorganic compound consisting of a metal (or semi-metal) and one or more nonmetals
Important examples: Silica - silicon dioxide (SiO2), the main ingredient in most glass products Alumina - aluminum oxide (Al2O3), used in various applications from abrasives to artificial bones More complex compounds such as hydrous aluminum silicate (Al2Si2O5(OH)4), the main ingredient in most clay products

Classification

Glasses

Clay Refractories products

Abrasives Cements

Advanced ceramics

-optical -whiteware -bricks for high T -composite -bricks (furnaces) reinforce -containers/ household

-sandpaper -composites engine -cutting -structural -rotors -polishing -valves -bearings -sensors

Mechanical properties
1. Tensile and compressive strengths:
High brittle in nature and lower value of tensile strength, Ceramics material have large difference between their tensile and compressive strength, The compressive strength about 5 to 10 times greater than the tensile strength in ceramics Tensile strength 100 -200Mpa Compressive strength 500-3000Mpa

2. Deformation(Elongation):
Single crystalline ionic bonded ceramics which as magnesium oxide shows considerable plastic deformation under compressive load at room temperature, polycrystalline ceramics are brittle with crack forming at the grain boundaries subsequently fracture occurs

3. Toughness:
Ceramics have low toughness, A great amount of research has been carried out to improve the toughness. The hot pressing with additives and reaction bonding are the process of improving the toughness of ceramics

4. Fatigue strength:
Due to covalent ionic bond atoms of ceramics material , there is absence of plasticity in ceramics during cyclic stresses as a result fatigue fracture in ceramics is more. They have high fatigue strength properties in compression.

5. Creep strength:
Ceramics have excellent creep strength

Stress-Strain Diagram
ultimate tensile strength

UTS

3 Strain Hardening

necking

yield strength

Fracture 5

2
Plastic Region Elastic Region 1
E y 2 1

E
E

Elastic region slope =Youngs (elastic) modulus yield strength Plastic region ultimate tensile strength strain hardening fracture

4 Strain ( ) (DL/Lo)

Stress-Strain Test

Tensile strength Yield strength

100-200Mpa Does not yield

Elongation
Compressive strength Fatigue strength

Zero
500-300Mpa Good in compression

Creep strength
Hardness Impact Toughness

Excellent
Excellent Poor Very poor

Physical properties
1.Density in general, ceramics are lighter than metals and heavier than
polymers

2.Melting temperatures - higher than for most metals

Some ceramics decompose rather than melt

3.Electrical and thermal conductivities - lower than for metals; but the

range of values is greater, so some ceramics are insulators while others are conductors

4.Thermal expansion - somewhat less than for metals, but effects are more
damaging because of brittleness

Density Melting point Conductivity Water absorption Electrical insulation

Low(0.1-0.6 g/cm3) High >5000oc Poor some Good to excellent

Thermal properties
1.Low thermal conductivity
2.Low coefficient of thermal expansion 3.High resistance to corrosion

Chemical properties
Crystallinity-90% is majority are crystalline Chemical resistance-Excellent Composition-Abundant in nature

Microstructure-From single stage to multi

Applications

Rotor (Alumina)

Gears (Alumina)

Ceramic Brake Disc

Reference

Wikipedia.

Thank You