Chapter 6 passage2

Respiratory Disorders and Disease

Various disorders and diseases of the respiratory system Their definitionscauses and treatment Detailed description of the signs and symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD Medical terms pertaining to the disease of respiratory system

Influenza and pneumonia

What is Influenza What is pneumonia

Influenza is a disease of the respiratory system which have caused serious epidemics in the past. Pneumonia represent any inflammation of the lungs caused by several different microorganismsit also named pneumonitis. Lobar pneumonia streptococcal pneumonia usually involves one or more lobes of the lung Bronchopneumonia: A kind of pneumonia in the bronchial tubes

Definition Pleurisy ()is an inflammation of the pleura, which is the moist, doublelayered membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the chest cavity. The Cause : It can attend condition can make pneumonia or result breathing extremely from direct infection painful. of the pleura.

Tuberculosis()
Resulting form the rise of AIDS and the appearance of resistance to antibiotics The most common symptoms and signs of TB are fatigue(), fever, weight loss, coughing, hemoptysis and night sweats.

The tuberculosis skin test is a test used to determine if someone has developed an immune response to the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB). This response can occur if someone currently has TB, if they were exposed to it in the past, or if they received the BCG vaccine against TB . The tuberculosis skin test is also known as the tuberculin test or PPD test
The WHO estimates that 2 billion people worldwide have latent TB, while around 3 million people worldwide die of TB each year.

What Is Asthma?

Asthma is a chronic (long-term) lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways. Leading to wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The coughing often occurs at night or early in the morning

Asthma

Figure A shows the location of the lungs and airways in the body. Figure B shows a crosssection of a normal airway. Figure C shows a cross-section of an airway during asthma symptoms.

Common asthma causes include:

Animals (pet hair or dander) Dust Changes in weather (most often cold weather) Chemicals in the air or in food Exercise Mold Pollen Respiratory infections, such as the common cold Strong emotions (stress) Tobacco smoke

Treatment

The goal of treatment is to avoid the substances that trigger your symptoms ,control airway inflammation , administration of bronchodilators to widen the airway and administration of steroids.

Respiratory distress syndrome

Respiratory distress syndrome is a breathing disorder of premature newborns in which the air alveoli in a newborn's lungs do not remain open because the production of a substance that coats the alveoli is absent or insufficient.

Respiratory distress syndrome is a potentially life-threatening medical condition where the lungs cannot provide enough oxygen for the rest of the body. Symptoms of respiratory distress include: blue-coloured lips, fingers and toes rapid, shallow breathing rapid heartbeat

Treatment may involve cutting a hole through the windpipe and passing a tube attached to a mechanical respirator through the hole. The patient may be placed on a heat and lung machine that maintains respiration and heartbeat

Baby special care Find out about special care given to babies born early, or those who are sick, jaundiced or born with a disability.

Acute Pulmonary Oedema

It occurs when fluid quickly accumulates in the lungs and fills the alveoli This can cause problems with the exchange of gas (oxygen and carbon dioxide), resulting in breathing difficulty and poor oxygenation of blood. Treatmentoxygen, digitalis,diuretics

What is a pneumothorax? A pneumothorax is a collection of free air in the chest outside the lung that causes the lung to collapse.

What causes a pneumothorax?

Pneumothorax is caused by a wound in the chest such as a knife woundor after a sudden tear in the lung. Infection of the pleural space by gas -producing microbes can also cause pneumothorax. Pneumothorax can also develop as a result of underlying lung diseases, including cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, asthma, and infections of the lungs.

Treatment
1 Removing the gas by suction 2 Surgically repairing the chest and lung 3 Antibiotics

Pneumoconiosis
also known as "black lung" Pneumoconiosis: The deposition of particulate matter such as asbestos and silicon in the lungs

Emphysema

Emphysema is included in a group of diseases called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD. Cigarette smoking is by far the most dangerous behavior that causes people to develop emphysema, and it is also the most preventable cause. Other risk factors include a deficiency of an enzyme called alpha-1-antitrypsin, air pollution, airway reactivity, heredity, male sex, and age.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Learn about COPD

Including: chronic bronchitis chronic obstructive bronchitis asthmatic bronchitis emphysema

Simple chronic bronchitis

A syndrome characterized primarily by a chronic productive coughis the low-grade exposure to bronchial irritants in a individual without hyperreactive airways.
Clinical terms 1 Excessive production of mucus 2 Presence of symptomslarge coughon most days for at least three months annually during two or more successive years 3 Exclusion of bronchiectasis tuberculosisor other causes of these symptoms

Chronic obstructive bronchitis

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive and debilitating lung disease. The disease is characterized by irreversible airflow limitation in the lungs.

Brochospasm

Espiodic airways obstruction is common in individuals with chronic bronchitis. this combination ,called asthmatic bronchitis, may closely resemble classic asthma. the term chronic asthmatic bronchitis is applied in patients with persistent airways obstruction, a chronic productive cough, and a major problem of opisodic bronchspasm.

Emphysema

Emphysema is a long-term, progressive disease of the lungs that primarily causes shortness of breath due to over-inflation of the alveoli (air sacs in the lung). In people with emphysema, the lung tissue involved in exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) is impaired or destroyed. Type A B
Breathing With Emphysema

To my classmates