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Cheeseman
Franchising is an important method of distributing goods and services to the public. In the United States, franchising accounts for over 25 percent of retail sales and 15 percent of gross domestic product (GDP).
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Franchise
Established when one party licenses
another party to use the franchisors trade name, trademarks, commercial symbols, patents, copyrights, and other property in the distribution and selling of goods and services Generally, the franchisor and the franchisee are established as separate corporations
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Advantages to Franchising
1. The franchisor can reach lucrative new markets 2. The franchisee has access to the franchisors knowledge and resources while running an independent business 3. Consumers are assured of uniform product quality
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Franchisee (Licensee)
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Types of Franchises (1 of 4)
Distributorship Franchise The franchisor manufactures a product and licenses a retail franchisee to distribute the product to the public
e.g., the Ford Motor Company manufactures
automobiles and franchises independently owned dealers to sell them to the public
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Types of Franchises (2 of 4)
Processing Plant Franchise The franchisor provides a secret formula or process to the franchisee The franchisee manufactures the product and distributes it to retail dealers e.g., the Coca-Cola Corporation licenses regional bottling companies to manufacture and distribute soft drinks under the Coca-Cola and other brand names
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Types of Franchises (3 of 4)
Chain-Style Franchise The franchisor licenses the franchisee to make and sell its products or distribute services to the public from a retail outlet serving an exclusive territory Most fast-food franchises use this form e.g., the Pizza Hut Corporation franchises independently owned restaurant franchises to make and sell pizzas to the public under the Pizza Hut name
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Types of Franchises (4 of 4)
Area Franchise The franchisor grants the franchisee a franchise for an agreed-upon geographical area The franchise may determine where to locate the outlets in the designated area An area franchisee may be granted the authority to negotiate and sell franchises in the designated area on behalf of the franchisor
Franchise Franchisee
Franchise Franchisee
Franchise Franchisee
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require franchisors to make specific presale disclosures to prospective franchisee Some states use a uniform disclosure statement called the Uniform Franchise Offering Circular (UFOC)
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presale disclosures to prospective franchisees The franchisor must disclose assumptions underlying any estimates and hypothetical data The franchisor must provide a mandated precautionary statement
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Franchise Agreement
An agreement that the franchisor and the
franchisee enter into that sets forth the terms and conditions of the franchise:
Quality control standards Training requirements Covenant not to compete Arbitration clause Use of franchisors trade name, logo, and trademark Conditions for the termination of the franchise
Franchise Fees
Franchise fees payable by the franchise
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enforceable contract Each party owes a duty to adhere to and perform under the terms of the franchise agreement If the agreement is breached, the aggrieved party can sue the breaching party for rescission of the agreement, restitution, and damages
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Trademarks
A franchisor licenses the use of its
trademarks and service marks to its franchisees in the franchise agreement Anyone who uses a mark without authorization from the franchisor may be sued for trademark infringement The franchisor can recover damages and obtain an injunction prohibiting further unauthorized use of the mark
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franchisors trade secret is liable for misappropriation of a trade secret The franchisor can recover damages and obtain an injunction prohibiting further unauthorized use of the trade secret
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their own contracts Franchisors and franchisees are liable for their own tort liability e.g., if a person is injured by a franchisees negligence, the franchisee is liable
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franchisor and franchisee are separate legal entities The franchisor deals with the franchisee as an independent contractor
A franchisee is not the agent of the franchisor The franchisor is not liable for the franchisees contracts and torts
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Actual Agency
An arrangement that occurs where a
franchisor expressly or implicitly by its conduct makes a franchisee its agent The franchisor is liable for the contracts entered into and torts committed by the franchisee while acting within the scope of its agency
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Apparent Agency
Agency that arises when a franchisor
creates the appearance that a franchisee is its agent when in fact an actual agency does not exist The franchisor is liable for the contracts entered into and torts committed by the franchisee acting as an apparent agent
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Termination at Will
Most state and federal laws regarding
advantage of the good will developed at the franchise location by the franchisee
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Wrongful Termination
If a franchisor terminates a franchise
agreement without just cause, the franchisee can sue the franchisor for wrongful termination
The franchisee can recover damages
Licensing
An arrangement where a party that owns
trademarks and other intellectual property (the licensor) contracts to permit another party (the licensee) to use these trademarks and intellectual property in the distribution of goods, services, software, and digital information
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Licensee
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Joint Venture
An arrangement whereby two or more
business entities combine their resources to pursue a single project or transaction Joint Venturer a party to a joint venture Joint venturers owe each other duty of fiduciary duty and loyalty If a joint venturer violates this duty, it is liable for the damages the breach causes
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Strategic Alliance (1 of 2)
An arrangement between two or more
companies in the same industry whereby they agree to ally themselves to accomplish a designated objective
It allows the companies to reduce risks,
Strategic Alliance (2 of 2)
Strategic alliances do not have the same