Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Menyediakan
pengalaman pembelajaran (pra-nombor) yang bermakna kepada kanak-kanak Membina bijak nombor (number sense)
Klasifikasi Pola
what?, why?
C : Konsep Pra-Nombor
what?, why?
Kebolehan
membuat perhitungan dengan tepat & berkesan mengesan kesilapan @ ralat dalam perhitungan/operasi menilai sesuatu hasil sebagai munasabah Mengesan dan membanding nilai relatif magnitud nombor Menetapkan penanda-aras (bench-marks) untuk pengukuran & panganggaran yang boleh digunakan dalam kehidupan seharian.
Klasifikasi
Pola
(Patterns) Membuat Perbandingan (Comparisons) Pengekalan (Conservation) Pengenalan Kumpulan (Group recognition)
Keperluan awal (pre-requisite) untuk perkembangan bijak nombor & kemahiran membilang Mengenal & membezakan ciri-ciri Pengabstrakan & mengenal pasti tema Meningkatkan kebolehan memerhati Memperkembangkan kemahiran pemikiran awal & pemikiran fleksibel Memperkembangkan pemikiran yang fleksibel Kemahiran matematik awal yang penting Mengenal pasti apa yang boleh dibilang & apa yang tidak
Mathematics
is the study of patterns Creating, constructing & describing patterns require problem solving skills -> an important part of mathematics learning Patterns can be based on geometric attributes (shapes, symmetry), relational attributes (sequence, function), physical attributes (colour, length, number), affective attributes (like)
Patterns
can be created/observed through stacking, arranging, ordering objects (paper, cubes, attribute blocks, pattern blocks) in various ways Helps develop number sense, ordering, counting & sequencing
Copying a pattern
Stringing beads Copying pattern blocks Copying figure on a geoboard
Finding
Extending
the pattern
Making
Provide opportunities for them to create their own patterns & communicate their rationale of their paterns
Lead
Able
Provide a graphical representation of the information, allows quick & accurate visual comparisons
More
For
Sesuatu
Bila
kedudukan berubah
Bila
susunan berubah
Early
awareness of one nose, two eyes, three wheels on a tricycle most children can identify quantities of 3 things or less. The skill to instantly see how many in a group is called subitizing (suddenly in Greek) Important to develop immediate recognition of groups of up to 5 or 6.
Saves
time Forerunner of some powerful number ideas Helps to develop sophisticated counting skills Accelerates the development of addition & subtraction
Rectangular
Linear
Circular
Scrambled
A process where children call number values by name Must learn the number-name series, beginning with one, and point to a different object as each number is spoken.
Rational counting
Each
object to be counted must be assigned one & only one number name The number-name list must be used in a fixed order every time The order in which the objects are counted does not matter The last number name used gives the number of objects (cardinality rule)
Counting
Numbers
play different roles in real life. Nominal numbers - appear as names on home addresses and sport jersey. Eg: 1 on football jersy often worn by the goalkeeper. Ordinal numbers - numbers that identify the location of an object in a sequence. Eg: Ridzuan is first in class position. Cardinal numbers - counting numbers that tell how many objects are in a set. Eg: Ali has 2 pens and 4 pencils.
These
numbers demonstrate meaningful uses of the number system. A number itself is a representation as in nominal, ordinal and cardinal numbers. Thus a number is represented by the links between them:
materials
NUMBER
language symbols
Difference
in meanings for the term number and numeral. Number is an abstract idea related to quantity of objects an abstraction of a quantity. Symbols are used to represent numbers. E.g., 25 - represent the number twenty-five in the Hindu-Arabic Numeration System, whereas in the Roman Numeration System, the symbol XXV is used instead.
In
mathematics, a symbol that is used to represent a number is called a numeral. Another term that you need to know its precise meaning is digit. A digit is an individual numeral. There are ten digits in the Hindu-Arabic Numeration System: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 0. Hence, digits are the basic symbols used to form numerals.