MPFI (Multi Point Fuel Injection)

Introduction
In petrol vehicles carburetor is used for supplying air fuel mixture to the cylinder In response to the recent demand for cleaner exhaust emission improved drivability and mileage carburetor is not sufficient In place of the carburetor MPFI system is used in vehicles MPFI system is injects fuel into individual cylinders based on commands from engine control module The MPFI gives higher output, faster throttle response under varying driving conditions

FUNDAMENTALS OF FUEL INJECTION

MPFI Systems can either be: Sequential or Simultaneous or Group type

These techniques result in better power balance amongst the cylinders, higher output from each one of them, along with faster throttle response

 'Sequential' is the best from the above considerations of power balance/output Sefi-Sequential Electronic Fuel Injection - technically is the best of the above variants of MPFI The on-board ECU primarily controls the Ignition Timing and quantity of fuel to be injected

VARIOUS INJECTION SYSTEM

MPFI system

Port injection

Throttle Body injection

D-MPFI System

L-MPFI System

Components of MPFI
1. 2. 3. 4. The system has four major components they are Air intake system Fuel delivery system Electronic control system Emission control system Air intake system It includes air filter, throttle body, intake manifold, and finally drawn into the combustion chamber

Air intake system

Throttle body It consist of throttle valve, T P sensor, which detect the throttle valve opening Idle air control valve which supplies bypass air depending on the engine condition

Fuel delivery system

It includes fuel pump, fuel filter and injector Fuel pump ECM controls its operation and centrifugal pump is used to pump the fuel The fuel pump also has a check valve to keep some pressure in fuel feed line even when fuel pump is stopped

Pressure regulator system

It keep the fuel pressure applied to the injector 2.9kg/cm^2

Injector
Each cylinder have one injector It inject the fuel into the inlet manifold according to the signal from ECM

Electronic control system

The electronic control system consist of various sensors which detect the state of engine and driving conditions

Control systems are:

Fuel injection control system In which ECM controls the timing of fuel injection according to the signals from various sensors Injection time is calculated on the basis of engine speed Idle speed control system It keep the engine idle speed as specified at all times

Fuel pump control system

ECM controls the ON\OFF operation of the fuel pump Ignition control system This system controls ignition timing The ECM judges the engine conditions by using signals from various sensors selects suitable ignition timing Controls of this system includes Ignition timing at the engine start Ignition timing after engine start

Radiator fan control system

Radiator fan motor is turned ON and OFF by using relays Radiator fan motor turned ON at below 98degree Celsius and OFF at below93degree Celsius

Engine Control Module

It consist of micro computer, analogue\digital converter It controls fuel injector, IAC valve, fuel pump relay .etc

Working

Functional division of MPFI

MPFI Classification
Depending upon the working, there are further two types 1. D-MPFI system 2. L-MPFI system

D-MPFI System
In D-MPFI system (Manifold Fuel Injection System), we measure the vacuum created in the intake manifold and air volume using its density. The block diagram of D-MPFI system shows the complete working of the system. Mainly we take the help of sensors and measure intake manifold vacuum using manifold pressure sensor and engine speed using speed sensor. After that both information's are sent to the ECU which further regulates the petrol supply.

D-MPFI Gasoline Inj. System

L-MPFI System
In L-MPFI system (Port Fuel Injection System), we measure engine speed and the amount of air actually entering in the engine. If we look at the block diagram of the L-MPFI system, air flow sensor measures actual amount of air and speed sensor measures the engine speed. Both information's are then sent to ECU which regulates the supply of petrol. -

L-MPFI Gasoline Inj. System

On-board diagnostic system

ECM diagnosis troubles which may occur in the engine when ignition switch is ON and the engine is running, it indicates trouble to the driver by flashing malfunction indication lamp And it stores the data about the trouble in ECM back up memory

Emission control system

It includes evaporative canister

Evaporative emission control system

This is used to prevent emission of fuel vapour

Sensors used in MPFI

Manifold absolute pressure sensor
This sensor senses pressure change in the intake manifold The signals from the MAP is used by the ECM to control fuel injection pressure

Throttle position sensor

This is connected to throttle valve shaft on the throttle body and detects throttle valve opening

Intake air temperature sensor

It located on the air cleaner outlet hose and constantly measures the temperature of air entering to the intake manifold By sensing the temp. the ECM adjusts fuel injection quantity

Engine coolant temperature sensor

It is incorporated with coolant and measures the coolant temperature

Oxygen sensor
Oxygen sensor is installed on the exhaust manifold to

detect the concentration of oxygen in the exhaust gases It is necessary to keep the air fuel ratio within a narrow range, and keep it in a stochiometric air fuel ratio

Vehicle speed speed sensor The vehicle speed sensor is located on the transmission gear box or speedometer

Cam shaft position sensor

Using this signal ECM identifies cylinder whose piston is in the compression stroke

Crank shaft position sensor ECM uses this signal for knowing the engine speed and cylinder identification

Advantages of MPFI
1) More uniform A/F mixture will be supplied to each cylinder; hence the difference in power developed in each cylinder is minimum. Vibration from the engine equipped with this system is less, due to this the life of engine components is improved.

(2) No need to crank the engine twice or thrice in case of cold starting as happens in the carburetor system.
(3) Immediate response, in case of sudden acceleration / deceleration.

Advantages of MPFI
(4) Since the engine is controlled by ECM* (Engine Control Module), more accurate amount of A/F mixture will be supplied and as a result complete combustion will take place. This leads to effective utilization of fuel supplied and hence low emission level. (5) The mileage of the vehicle will be improved.

Conclusion
Almost all vehicles in India are changing to the MPFI because of law emissions, improved mileage and drivability Since the engine is controlled by micro computer more accurate amount of A/F mixture will be supplied and as a result complete combustion will take place. This leads to effective utilization of fuel supplied and hence low emission level. It reduces wastage of fuel by the use of sensors and other control systems