FIELD MARSHAL SIR GERALD WALTER ROBERT TEMPLER KG, GCB, GCMG, KBE

GROUP 6
2110232 MUHAMAD FUAD HAZIM BIN FUADTAYADI 2110251 MOHAMAD NUR BIN SURIP 2110252 WISNU AZIZI BIN AWI 2110256 MUHAMMAD SYUKRI BIN OTHMAN 2110286 MUHAMMAD IBADUR RAHMAN BIN ZAINAL ABIDIN

BACKGROUND
NAME : Gerald Walter Robert Templer BIRTH : 11 September 1898, Chelsea, London PARENTS : Lieutenant-Colonel Walter Francis Templer (Royal Irish Fusiliers) and Mabel Eileen EDUCATION : Wellington College and then he furthered his studies at Sandhurst and promoted as First Lieutenant into his father's regiment, the Royal Irish Fusiliers, on 16 August 1916. PARTICIPATION : In year 1924 he became the member of the British Olympic hurdles team. He was also the bayonet fighting champion of the British Army. MARRIAGE : In 1926 he married Edith Margery Davie; they had a daughter and a son SERVICES : 1916 1958 (52 years)

 CARRIER : involved in World War I at the age of 18, in World War II, he was a Lieutenant Colonel serving the Military Intelligence Staff in British Expeditionary Force and he was also the youngest Lieutenant Colonel in British Army at the age 44. his abilities had lead him hold various appointments in the army such as Director of Military Government in West Germany and Director of Military Intelligence in War Office. He became a staff officer with the 3rd Division on Salisbury Plain in 1931 and a staff officer at Headquarters Northern Command in York in 1933 before returning to his Regiment to be a company commander at Tid worth in April 1935. In 1936 he was deployed to Palestine during the Arab revolt there for which he was awarded the DSO on 6 November 1936. He was promoted to major on 1 August 1938 and posted to the War Office as a staff officer in military intelligence.

 BATTLE : First World War, Arab revolt, Second World War, Malayan Emergency AWARD : Knight of the Order of the Garter, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George, Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire, Distinguished Service Order Death : 25 October 1979 at his home in Chelsea on London cause of lung cancer.

Order Of The Garter

Order Of The Bath

Order Of St Michael

Order Of The British

And St George

Empire

COUNTER-INSURGENCY WARFARE
Any operation involves actions taken by the recognized government of a nation to quell an insurgency taken up against it. In the main, the insurgents seek to destroy the political authority of the defending authorities in a population they seek to control, and the counterinsurgent forces seek to protect that authority and reduce or eliminate the supplanting authority of the insurgents.

 Counter-insurgency operations are common during war and armed rebellions. Counter-insurgency maybe armed suppression of a rebellion, coupled with tactics such as divide and rule designed to fracture the links between the insurgency and the population in which the insurgents move.

GUERILLA WAR
Can defined as the use of hit-and-run tactics by small, mobile groups of irregular forces operating in territory controlled by a hostile, regular forces. Tactically, the guerrilla army would avoid any confrontation with large units of enemy troops, but seek and eliminate small groups of soldiers to minimize losses and exhaust the opposing force.

 The history of guerrilla warfare starting in ancient history when The Chinese general and strategist Sun Tzu, in his The Art of War, was the earliest to propose the use of guerrilla warfare. This directly inspired the development of modern guerrilla warfare. Communist leaders like Mao Zedong and North Vietnamese Ho Chi Minh both also implemented guerrilla warfare in the style of Sun Tzu.

COMMUNIST REVOLT
In June 1948 a state of emergency was declared in the British colony of Malaya. The Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA), the armed wing of the Malayan Communist Party (MCP), began attacking rubber plantations, mines and police stations, derailing trains and burning workers' houses. The term 'emergency' rather than 'war' was used because insurgents would not have compensated plantation and mine owners if the latter label had been used.

APPOINTED AS HIGH COMMISSIONER OF MALAYA

On 6 October 1951, Sir Henry Gurney was shot to death on his way to Fraser's Hill for a meeting. The guerrillas of the Malayan Communist Party ambushed his Rolls Royce during the Malayan Emergency period. According to Lady Gurney who was with him at the time, he sacrificed himself to the attackers in order to protect the lives of his wife and the driver. On 22 January 1952 Sir Gerald Templer appointed as British High Commissioner in Malaya to deal with the Malayan Emergency. General Templer placed great emphasis on the need to win the 'hearts and minds' of the population. This won him the support of many nationalists.

PARTICIPATING
He also involved the local population in the fight against the guerrillas by increasing the number of Malay battalions and strengthening the Home Guard raised to defend the new villages. He continued to build new settlements and promised independence once the guerrillas had been defeated. These measures helped unite the racially divided Malayan people against the insurgents. As the new policies began to take effect, the flow of information to the security forces increased.

COMMONWEALTH AT WAR
Sir Gerald Templer also has been using Commonwealth military from Gurkha,New Zealand,Australia and British itself. There were normally 24 infantry battalions in Malaya from a wide variety of Commonwealth countries, including the 2nd Battalion The Royal Australian Regiment and 1st Battalion The New Zealand Regiment. When an area had been swept it was designated a 'White Area' and restrictions on the local population were lifted, encouraging them to oppose the return of any insurgents.

INDEPENDENCE
In August 1957 the Federation of Malaya was granted independence and the insurgency lost its rationale as a war of colonial liberation. Many guerrillas gave up their fight. In 1960 the counterinsurgency was declared to be over. Over 500 soldiers and 1000 police had been killed during the conflict. Communist losses are estimated at over 6000 killed and 1000 captured. The campaign was one of the few successful counterinsurgency operations undertaken by the Western powers under the power of Sir Gerald Templer.

MALAYA CAMPAIGN AGAINST COMMUNIST (kempen penduduk Tanah Melayu menentang komunis)
The impact of the campaign, a total of 500 000 people multiracial population has along carrying banners condemning the communist terror. In the campaign, they also burn communist statues. Pamphlets were also distributed anti-communist in every corner of the Malaya. Those who were once afraid of against the communist, now be brave. They also offer themselves willingly join the security forces and the police to defend the homeland.

BLACK AND WHITE AREAS

Sir Gerald Templer also introduced the concept of 'black spots' and 'white area' under War Plan nerves. Black area is the availability of an active communist terrorist activities. White areas were the areas that have been freed from the communist threat.

CITIZENSHIP LAW
In addition, to gain the support of the Chinese people to support the war effort Nervous, Templer introduced the 1952 Citizenship Law. This law allows a total of 1.2 million Chinese and 180,000 people India became Malayan citizens. Liberalization of citizenship also shows the sacrifices of the Malays to the other people for the sake of unity and harmony. This will directly open up to each community to be compromise and thoughtful in various fields.

OFFERING A GIFT
Templer has raised the number of prizes offered to the people who managed to catch or provide information related to the communist guerrillas. A prize of $ 25 0,000 is offered to anyone who managed to catch Chin Peng whether alive or dead. In addition, the offer also provided for those who capture or kill Chin Pengs people with prize of $ 200 000.

RESTRICTING FOOD
Templer important task is to enforce the rules so that the food does not reach into the hands of the communists. Finally desperate terrorists have to plant their own food in the wild. However, the security forces foiled their attempt with destroy the crop using the poison.

OFTEN PUBLICIZED RESISTANCE

Sultan and the Chief Minister of each state often hype around opposition to the communists. For example, the Sultan of Pahang often remind people to be wary of promises of communism. Malay people who help and support communism regarded as treason and religion. Gujarat Chief Minister also reminded the people not to forget the atrocities Army Three Star after the Japanese surrender in Malaya. Support the communist party seems to demolish our own Malay race. Dato 'Onn often remembered people not to support but together eliminate communists. The government has to think and work to antagonize people against communism by changing the word "communist" to "terrorists".

AMNESTY
Dropping pamphlets into the woods as the government led many communists were forced to join the fight this needless. A total of 40 million pamphlets and 12 million amnesty pass that was printed in three languages, that Chinese, Malay and Tamil dropped from the air. The mass media that was Radio Malaya, day posting requirement amnesty offer. The poster also posted in various places. Advertising and motion pictures have been used to help people fight the terrorists to surrender. Every effort Tunku Abdul Rahman, who is on a visit to the provinces to explain to people that the government's offer.

TRAITS
CONSULTATIVE As an army officer, Templer was a consultative leader whereby he confers with his government officers before taking decision and in fact considers their advice and their feelings when framing decision. Although he consults his officers, but sometimes he doesnt accept their advice. One of the events which clearly show this leadership style is at the Sagil New Village when Templer didnt accept the advice from his officers regarding police security for him during his visit

 AUTOCRATIC In certain events it has been seen that Templer is an autocratic leader during the execution of his strategy. During his commence of his plan, Templer uses words which shows that he is an autocratic leader from his physical appearance and style. He also had punished the villagers at Tanjung Malim for not cooperating with the government by having curfews and food rationing. IDEALISED INFLUENCE The objectives and clear vision of Templer in Malaya influences his subordinates which could win their trust and respect from them. Once it had been achieved, he had obtained extra affords from his government officers and the local departments.

INDIVIDUAL CONSIDERATIONS Templer also had strategy to pay attention for the locals in Malaya by providing them all the basic needs and had gained support from the civilian population. He had win the heart and minds of the people in Malaya.

INTELLECTUAL SIMULATION The execution of Templers strategy in Malaya shows that he is capable of soliciting new ideas and new ways of solving problems compared to other leaders.

INSPIRATION Templer had the idea of conducting civic courses for the civil population to motivate them and generate enthusiasm, setting an example and finally to share afford among the civilians to fight against the CTs.