WT

PII

FEM

epFC

(E)M BAG

Workmens compensation act 1923 Trade Union Act 1926 Payment of wages at 1936 Industrial employment act(standing orders) 1946 Industrial disputes act 1947 Factories Act 1948 Employees state insurance act 1948 Minimum wages act 1948 Employee Provident Fund and miscellaneous provisions act1952 Collection of statistics act 1953 Employment exchange act 1959 Maternity benefit Act 1961 payment of Bonus act 1966 Apprentice Act 1969 payment of Gratuity act 1972

Labour movement is for the worker and trade union movement is by the worker Labour movement started by 1875 and trade union movement started by 1918 Trade Union movement is a part of the labour movement which is a wider term

WHY TRADE UNION MOVEMENT Because of

Large scale industrial units Widespread use of machinery Changes in working environment of workers Concentration of industries in large town Exploitive tendencies of the employers

Therefore Trade union movement is formed To maintain and improve the bargaining power against the employers Workers right to organize Right to demand collectively and to go on strike if not accepted

Growth & development of trade union movement Divided into different periods
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Social Welfare Period Early trade union period Left wing trade unionism period Trade Unions Unity Period Second world war period Post independence period 1875 - 1918 1918 - 1924 1924 - 1934 1935 - 1938 1939 - 1945 1947 to date

Leaders were Sorabjee Shapurji Bengali (1875) and N.M.Lokhanday (1884) both of them were factory workers Mass meeting in Bombay (1890) attended by 10K workers and memorials signed by 17K workers and submitted to govt were the imp.* events
Demanding complete day rest after Saturday Half an hours rest at noon Working hours no longer than 6:30pm Payment of wages not later than 15th of month Payment to injured workers until they recover. Suitable compensation if permanently disabled

Success leads to Bombay Millshands Association -1890 (First trade Unionist of the country) by Lokhanday

Contd.

Dinbhandhu- first working class newspaper Many different associations were formed but not affiliated to any central organization/ federation Associations objectives literacy, welfare and redressed grievances of the workers Employers also formed association to safeguard their common interests in wages and working conditions and ensuring maximum ROI Bombay & Bengal Chamber of commerce, Bombay Mills owners associations, Calcutta traders association, Indian chamber of commerce.etc.. It did not lasts long if their immediate demands were met

Mild pressure for seeking grievances Born of philanthropy- movement was for the workers rather than by the workers Most of the associations were unstable and not strong Movement developed in the educated class of workers postal clerks /railway employees but not in textiles/mining/plantations Lead by either of the three types of persons
1. Intellectuals 2. Careerists 3. Politicians & Nationalists

Leader of the trade union was to pass from social worker into the hands of politicians Madras textile union was the first union in 1918 by B.P. Wadia (formed because of very short interval for mid day meal, assaults on workers and inadequate wages) Textile Labour association by Gandhi in 1920 adopting truth & non violence AITUC(All India Trade Union Congress) in Oct 30th 1920 under the chairmanship of Lala Lajpat Rai having 64 trade Unions to promote the interests of Indian labour in economic, social and political matters.

Leftists demanded AITUC to be affiliated to the Third International (A league against imperialism, Moscow- a camouflaged of communists organization) while Rightists preferred International Federation of Trade Union(Amsterdam) Rightists opposed militant action, social strikes and instead demanded Union to concern economic issues rather than political. While Leftists aim to overthrow capitalism and establish socialists society and hence should choose militant action and combine economic with political.

Leftists later formed AITUF (All India Trade Union Federation ) with a representatives of 24 Unions separated from AITUC In Calcutta, due to fundamental differences between Left wing and communists, a new union was formed in the name of RTUC (Red Trade Union Congress) led by communists Ranadive and Deshpande

Unity in labour movement was essential because of the following reasons: Many employees were throw out of employment Almost every mill in Bombay brought down wages Number of mandays lost were increased

Agreeable conclusions to AITUF and INTUC were laid facilitated by NFL (National Federation of Labour) AITUF and NFL joined to form NTUF(National Trade Union Federation) RTUC was merged with AITUC After 9 years of split, NTUF merged with AITUC in 1940 and AITUC became the sole representer.

Radical democratic party wanted AITUC to support anti fascist war where many opposed it. Radicals left AITUC and formed IFL (Indian Federation of Labour) When German invaded Russia, Communists who were earlier opposing war, declared their support, hence leaders were released from Jail. Indian National Congress followed non-co-operation at the beginning of war and later changed to Quit India movement. At the end of war, there were three groups AITUC, IFL and national & socialists tried to build labour front at Ahmedabad & Jamshedpur

??????

All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)

1920

Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC) 1947 Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS) United Trade Union Congress (UTUC) Bhartiya Mazdoor Sangh (BMS) 1948 1949 1955

Centre for Indian Trade Union Congress (CITU) 1970

All India HUB Centre

EXISTING 7/ more members can register Membership verification is difficult 50% office bearers from within Wildcat strike possible Deregistration union funds or on illegal

PROPOSED 25% membership needed Check-off system for verification 25% or 2 from outside lockout 14 days notice is must of Deregistration on illegal strike

malpractices

Anyone can become office bearer

Convicts, those who participated illegal strike, offenders of ID act and ministers cant become office bearers
Membership fee Re 1.00 With all registered union through bargaining council. Recognized union to work as chairperson of the council / Adjudication commision by Central/ State IT

Membership fee 25 paisa Bargained with recognized union

Adjudication tribunals

by

labour

courts

Appeal against Labour court decisions Appeal against Labour Court decisions

1.
2. 3.

4. 5.

6. 7.

8.

Four Central Labour Organizations ( the AITUC, INTUC, HMS, UTUC) voluntarily adopted an inter-union Code of Conduct on May 21, 1958 for maintainance of harmonious inter-union relations Right for every employee to join union of choice and no coercion No dual membership of unions There shall be unreserved acceptance of, and respect for, the democratic function of trade unions Regular and democratic elections of executive bodies Workers ignorance and/ or backwardness shall be exploited by any organization. And no org. shall make excessive or extravagant demands Casteism, communalism and provincialism shall be avoided by all unions. No violence, coercion, intimidation, or personal criticism in inter union dealings All central unions shall combat the formation or continuance of company unions.