LAND RESOURCE

Resource
A resource is a source or supply from which benefit is produced

Typically resources are materials, money, services, staff, or other assets that are transformed to produce benefit and in the process may be consumed or made unavailable.

Land Importance of land

1)land is the most important resource existing. 2) It is the major source of important energy resources like fossil fuels. 3) Agriculture is not possible without land resources. 4) land also harbors all crucial minerals.

Area which consists of biotic and abiotic components

LAND RESOURCE are natural resources in the form of arable land.

Different types of soil are ALLUVIAL, RED, BLACK , LATERIT etc

CONTROL MEASURES BIOLOGICAL: 1) Mulching :A mulch is a layer of material applied to the

surface of an area of soil. 2) polyculture: Polyculture is agriculture using multiple crops in the same space, in imitation of the diversity of natural ecosystems, and avoiding large stands of single crops, or monoculture.

3) crop rotation: Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of dissimilar/different types of crops in the same area in sequential seasons.

 MECHANICAL: 1) contour 2)terrace farming ASSOCIATED PROBLEMS:1) Human settlements, agriculture, commerce, industry and tourism development have historically been the major competing uses for limited land resources in many small island developing States. 2)As human needs and population grow, the pressure on land and other natural resources continue to increase. 3) The most significant issues for land and related resources identified for the South Pacific.

4) Land resource issues are problems in land use planning and resource management, arising from the interactions between human society and the natural environment.
5) Human population is growing day-by-day. Continuous increase in population caused an increasing demand for land resources.

ENERGY RESOURCE

 Energy : In physics, energy is a conserved extensive property of a physical system, which cannot be observed directly but can be calculated from its state. Resource: A resource is a source or supply from which benefit is produced
Energy Resource: Energy resources are essential for any society, be it one
dependent on subsistence farming or an industrialized country. There are many different sources of energy, some well-known such as coal or petroleum, others less so, such as tides or the heat inside the Earth. Energy resources are divided into 2 broad categories , namely: 1) Renewable 2) Non renewable RENEWABLE RESOURCES: A renewable resource is a natural resource which can replenish with the passage of time, either through biological reproduction or other naturally recurring processes. Ex: solar energy , wind energy etc. PROBLEMS RELATED TO RENEWABLE RESOURCES ARE: 1)Overfishing: Ocean overfishing is simply the taking of wildlife from the sea at rates too high for fished species to replace themselves

2) Sustainable agriculture: Expansion of agricultural land has an impact on biodiversity and contributes to deforestation. The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations estimates that in coming decades, cropland will continue to be lost to industrial and urban development, along with reclamation of wetlands, and conversion of forest to cultivation, resulting in the loss of biodiversity and increased soil erosion.
3)Deforestation: As well as being a renewable resource for fuel and building material, trees protect the environment by absorbing carbon dioxide and by creating oxygen.[20] The destruction of rain forests is one of the critical causes of climate change. Deforestation causes carbon dioxide to linger in the atmosphere. As carbon dioxide accrues, it produces a layer in the atmosphere that traps radiation from the sun. The radiation converts to heat which causes global warming, which is better known as the greenhouse effect 4)Endangered species: Some renewable resources, species and organisms are facing a very high risk of extinction caused by growing human population and over-consumption. 5)Water resource : Water can be considered a renewable material when carefully controlled usage, treatment, and release are followed. If not, it would become a nonrenewable resource at that location. For example, groundwater is usually removed from an aquifer at a rate much greater than its very slow natural recharge

TYPES OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES

1) 1.Solar energy: Provides 1000MW of energy which we cannot store. Applications: They can be used as solar heaters, solar cookers and solar lamps. Advantages: It is a clean energy without carbon compounds and it is sufficient in large amount. Drawbacks: High cost, occupies more space and cannot be applied in cold countries and nights. 2.Wind energy: When wind flows mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. Minimum required rate of flowing is 8.5m/s. In India, 50% of electricity is provided by wind energy. Largest area of wind mill in India is in Kanyakumari. Drawbacks: Costly, required flow rate and should be present only in elevated or coastal areas. 3.Water: Generation of electricity by turbines. Outflow and Inflow is 50% Drawbacks: Costly and disturbance to aquatic life. 4.Ocean thermal energy: Volcanoes under oceans erupt and heat is used to generate electricity.

 Non renewable resource: A non-renewable resource (also known as a finite

resource) is a resource that does not renew itself at a sufficient rate for sustainable economic extraction in meaningful human timeframes. An example is carbon-based, organically-derived fuel.

Types of non renewable resources are: 1. Coal: Formed from the partial degradation of plants. Formation: Peat: The first initial stage of coal. Lignite: A bit harder material where a large amount of coal is present. Bituminous: Formed by the conversion of lignite. Anthracite: Much amount of coal. Peat contains 40% of carbon. Lignite and Bituminous are soft coals and contains 70%-80% of carbon and Anthracite contains 90% of carbon.

Application: 90% of electricity is produced from coal. Coal based methane from coal mines generates electricity. Drawbacks : Pollution to air and air to global warming.

2.Crude oil: Improper burning forms liquid substance rich in C, N, S which is called crude oil. Application: Transportation, electricity. Drawbacks: Global warming and Acid rains. 3.Natural gas: Gas rich in methane. Application: Cooking, transportation. Drawbacks: Large quantity some times leads to explosion.