PRESENTED

BY
MUHAMMAD SHAHEER
KHAN

Modan and Group ®

EMOTIONS
Modan and Group ®
 WHAT ARE EMOTIONS?
Feeling that
generally
have both
physiological
and cognitive
elements and that

Modan and Group ®

Emotions are accompanied by physiological
arousal, usually at an autonomic level
(involuntary/automatic).

FOR EXAMPLE - have you ever had the

experience of being in a car when it spins
out of control on an icy road?

You will
experience…
1. an increase in heart rate,
2. blood pressure,
3. breathing

Modan and Group ®

This occurs, at some level, with all emotions. The
systems involved with this activity are:

3) Central Nervous System (CNS): limbic system and

cortex

2) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): somatic and

autonomic, sympathetic and parasympathetic

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• Many theorist proposed that people
first develop cognitions about a
situations and then react emotionally.
• Emotions can be either:
3. Positive Emotions
4. Negative Emotions

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1.POSITIVE
EMOTIONS
-Happiness/joy - Pride
- Love/affection - Relief

2.NEGATIVE
EMOTIONS
-Anger - Fright/anxiety
- Guilt/shame - Sadness
- Envy/jealousy - Disgust

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 Emotions

Positive negative

Anger

annoyance fear
love joy
hostility jealousy

contempt
bliss pride
fondness Sadness
contenment
worry
infatuation
lonliness
horror
guilt
Agony
grief
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 EVENT
Yes No
Emotion No Emotion

Positive Negative
Emotion Emotion
Not Damages self
Relevant esteem
Happiness Anger,
Shame

Boosts self- Threat to

esteem self
Pride Fear/Anxie
ty
Mutual loss to self
Affection
Love Sadness
Modan and Group ®
 EMOTION
Moods: General TERMS
positive or negative
states without a specific target. 
Emotions: Specific states directed
toward specific targets. 
Feelings: Basically synonymous with
emotions, but more direct reference to
corresponding bodily sensation.

Modan and Group ®

 Six Universal Emotions

Happine F Ange
ss ear r
Surprise Sadness
Disgu
st

Modan and Group ®

 1. Happine
ss are universally
Happy expressions
and easily recognized, and are
interpreted as conveying messages
related to enjoyment, pleasure, a
positive disposition, and friendliness.

2.
Sad Sadnes
expressions are often conceived
as opposite to happy ones, but this
view is too simple, although the
action of the mouth corners is
opposite. Sad expressions convey
messages related to loss, sadness,
discomfort, pain, helplessness, etc

Modan and Group ®

 Ange
r is a primary concomitant of
Anger
interpersonal aggression, and its
expression conveys messages about
hostility, opposition, and potential
attack. Anger is a common response
to anger expressions, thus creating a
positive feedback loop and increasing
the likelihood of dangerous conflict

F
ear
Fear expressions convey information
about imminent danger, a nearby
threat, a disposition to flee, or
likelihood of bodily harm

Modan and Group ®

 Surpris
e
Surprise expressions are fleeting, and
difficult to detect or record in real
time.
They almost always occur in response
to events that are unanticipated, and
they convey messages about
something being unexpected,

Disgu
st expressions are often part of
Disgust
the body's responses to objects that
are revolting and nauseating, such as
rotting flesh, fecal matter and insects
in food, or other offensive materials
that are rejected as suitable to eat.

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 THEORIE
S
James: . Every emotion accompanied by
corresponding change in bodily sensation.
Cannon-Bard: Central Nervous System
model of emotions. Emotions produced by
brain, not body. Same body change (high vs.
low arousal) for all emotions. Brain "labels"
arousal as different emotions.
Schachter - Singer: The belied that emotions
are determined jointly by a nonspecific kind of
physiological arousal and its interpretation,
based on environmental cues. Modan and Group ®
 APPRAISAL HABITS AND
EMOTION
Event: Saw someone from school at
market, but they acted like they didn’t
know me.
Emotion: Hurt, sadness 
Thought: Probably doesn’t like me.

Alternative appraisal: The person might

not have even seen me. Or maybe she

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 EXAMPL
E
I’m looking for parking space and:

Space suddenly opens, I insanely happy

feel:
Someone steals Bloodthirsty rage
space, I feel:

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THANK
YOU..!!!

Modan and Group ®