Prepared By:- ALTAF UR REHMAN

Key Points

Of the total amount of waste generated by health-care activities, about 80% is general waste. The remaining 20% is considered hazardous material that may be infectious, toxic or radioactive. Every year an estimated 16 000 million injections are administered worldwide, but not all of the needles and syringes are properly disposed of afterwards. Health-care waste contains potentially harmful microorganisms which can infect hospital patients, health-care workers and the general public.

1) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 2) CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS, 3) QC AND MICROBIOLOGY LAB 4) FORMULATION & PROCESS. 5) CONTAMINATED GLOVES, FILTERS, CLOTHINGS, ETC 6) EXPIRED & RETURNED PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS

Dosage Forms
aromatic waters liquors or solutions spirits, essences syrups

Properties
volatile solids or oils, water water, chemicals alcohol, water, volatile substances sweetener, solvent, medicinal agent powder suspended in water, alcohol, glycol, or an oil; viscosity builders, wetting agents, preservatives hydrocarbon (oily), absorptive waterwashable, or water-soluble bases; emulsifying agents; glycols; medicating agent cornminuted or blended, dissolved in or mixed with water small-dose bulk powder enclosed in gelatin shell; active ingredient plus diluent small molded tablets intended for quick complete dissolution oil-in-water (o/w), or water-in-oil (w/o)

Uses
flavoring agents, carminative action internally or externally formulating aids flavor or medicinal flavoring agent, medicinal

suspensions

oral dosing, skin application

ointments bulk powder capsules tablet emulsions, lotions

external external, internal internal oral Oral or external

Waste type
Process liquors Spent fermentation broth Spent natural product raw materials

Origin
Organic syntheses Fermentation processes Natural product extraction processes

Composition
Contaminated solvents Contaminated water Leaves, tissues

Spent aqueous solutions

Leftover raw material containers Scrubber water from pollution control equipment Volatile organic compounds Off-spec or out-dated products

Solvent extraction processes

Contaminated water Sags, drums (fiber, plastic, metal), plastic Unloading of materials into process equipment bottles
Dust or hazardous vapor generating processes Chemical storage tanks, drums Manufacturing operations Miscellaneous products Contaminated water Solvents

Spills
Waste water Spent solvents Used production materials Used chemical reagents Packaging materials

Manufacturing and lab operations

Equipment cleaning, extraction residues Solvent extraction or wash practices Manufacturing operations R & D operations Packaging operations

Miscellaneous chemicals
Contaminated water Contaminated solvents Filters, tubing, diatomaceous earth Miscellaneous chemicals Rejected materials (plastics, glass, aluminium etc.) Carbon compounds, oxides of nitrogen and

Waste Stream
Containers

Minimization Method
Return empties to supplier Thoroughly empty and triple rinse with minimal water Use containers with recyclable liners Segregate solid waste Collect and reuse plastic from in-house molding

Air Emissions

Control bulk storage air emissions (e.g. internal floating roofs).

Use dedicated dust collectors and rework dust back into product
Optimize fossil fuel combustion Use dedicated vent condensers and return condensate to source, where possible Maintain N2 purge rates at minimum through vapor space of agitated reactors

Equipment Cleaning Wastes

Maximize number of campaigns to reduce cleaning frequency

Use final rinse as prerinse on next cleaning cycle

Use wiper blades and squeegees and rework remainders into products Use low volume, high efficiency cleaning (e.g. spray heads) Spills and Area Washdown Use dedicated vacuum systems Use dry cleaning methods Use recycled water Off-spec Products Rework off-spec material Use automated processing systems Solvents Substitute aqueous systems where possible Reduce quantity of solvent used Regenerate/recover spent solven Production Materials Validate cleaning and reuse

 Material

Substitution Process Modification Good operating Practices

E.g: Aqueous-based cleaning solutions instead of solvent-based solutions Replacement of chlorinated solvents with non-chlorinated solvents.

Control Fouling deposits through Proper agitator design optimization of operating temperatures

Plant Management

Management incentives

Employee training

Closer supervision

Production scheduling

Additional documentation

Waste Management:

Waste/environmental audits

Waste stream segregation

Waste handling and storage procedures

Materials Handling:

Materials tracking and inventory control

Spill prevention

Material handling and storage procedures

Preventive maintenance

 Incineration Landfill Disposed Recycle Reprocess

off

Contents of Current Pharmaceutical Waste Streams

MUNICIPAL WASTE SEWER SYSTEM CHEMO WASTE - SHARPS CHEMO WASTE - SOFT RED SHARPS

Packaging Empty glass bottles Empty plastic bottles Paper Plastic Food waste, etc.

IVs - D5W - NaCl - Other? Controlled substances? Antibiotics?

Vials - Empty (trace) - Partial (residue) Syringes/Needles - Empty - Unused, partial IVs - Empty - Unused, partial Spill clean up?

Gowns Gloves Goggles Tubing Wipes Spill clean up?

Vials - Empty - Partial Syringes/Needles - Empty - Unused, partial IVs - Empty - Unused, partial

LANDFILL OR MUNICIPAL INCINERATOR

WATER TREATMENT PLANT

MEDICAL WASTE INCINERATOR

AUTOCLAVE/ MICROWAVE

Ash Leachate into ground water or air emissions Discharge to surface waters
NON-HAZARDOUS LANDFILL

Shredded (?)

Leachate

Conclusions of Presentation (continued)

Landfills

are most popular final disposal technique

design of incinerators and landfills is important to fulfil the regulatory requirements planning, design, and operation are the key points involved in the disposal of such waste

Proper

Proper

Conclusions of Presentation
Treatment

of pharmaceutical solid/gaseous waste is important from health and safety related properties is not much treatment of solid pharmaceutical waste. Most of the time solid waste is disposed of of solid pharmaceutical waste and elimination of the emissions from incinerator operations are very important to protect the land, water bodies and atmospheric environment

There

Disposal