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Positions
1G 2G 5G 6G 1F 2F 2FR 4F 5F
1G Position
Pipe rotated, Electrode is always at the top Either a split bead or weave technique may be used
2G Position
Pipe Axis Vertical, Weld is Horizontal, Pipe is considered in a fixed position.
Always use a split bead technique Always work from the bottom up.
5G Position
6G Position
Pipe axis is fixed in position at a 45 degree incline. Thhe position includes flat, horizontal, vertical, and overhead welds. A split bead tecvhnique is best used.
1F Position
Pipe is rotated. The pipe axis is at a 45 degree incline. Welding is to occur at the top of the pipe.
Split bead or weave technique may be used.
2F Position
Fixed Position Best to use a split bead technique
2FR Position
Rotated
4F Position
5F Position
Not Rotated. Progression may be up or down. Split beads or weaves can be used on 5F-up welds, split beads are best used on 5F-down welds.
Always work from the bottom up when using the split bead technique
Always be careful not to create a tight area where slag may get trapped under the next weld. It is better to weave slightly than to leave a tight area.
Always work toward the smaller side of the fillet. (It will be easier to get to) Always be careful not to create a tight area where slag may get trapped under the next weld. It is better to weave slightly than to leave a tight area.
Techniques
Stringer (push, drag, or whip), or Weave
Progression (vertical)
Up deeper penetration Higher deposit rate (lb/hr) Use near 90 degree travel angle or slightly up Down faster (point to point) less penetration for thin metal less dilution Use steep drag angle
Travel Speed
Stay on the leading edge of the puddle
Dimensions
Reinforcement Height ASME flush - 1/16 AWS flush 1/8 Reinforcement Width 1/16 past bevel edge Smooth transition at weld toe (45o max)
Keyholeing
Backing
Metallic
backing ring consumable inserts
Root Openings
Small will allow more amperage which will in turn make welding smoother and easier, as well as easier arc starts. Larger root openings will allow more penetration.
Root Faces
Larger root faces will allow more amperage which will in turn make welding smoother and easier, as well as easier arc starts. Smaller root faces will allow more penetration.
Root faces - 0 450 included angle Remove all mill scales and rust
Restarts
Stagger all starts and stops or use runon, runoff tabs Feather all restarts & start on top, or start in front and remelt
Craters
Fill craters by welding into the previous weld start Use a short arc length to control heat.
Wagon Tracks
Electrode Angles
Up Progression always point toward center of Pipe Down Progression use a steep drag angle
Arc Length
Longer arc lengths = increased puddle heat, flatter welds, deeper penetration
Shorter arc lengths = less puddle heat, flatter welds, less penetration
Use arc length to control puddle size, penetration, and burn through.
Normal arc length is 1/16 - 1/8 Use a slightly longer arc length during a start or restart.
Helpful Tips
Clean your Welding Hood lens Drape the cable over your shoulder or knee Get Comfortable Watch the puddle, not the arc Concentrate on steady travel speed and arc length