Growth and Development

Mosby items and derived items 2005, 2001 by Mosby, Inc.

PRETEST

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TRUE OR FALSE
1. Growth is a qualitative measure
2. The most rapid periods of growth are infancy and adolescence. 3. Sigmund Freud developed the Psychosocial Theory of Development 4. Teachers are the role models for preschoolers

5. Toddlers, according to Erikson, will usually say No.

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Answer the question

6. The most significant person during infancy
7. The most important person to adolescents 8. The stage where children play makebelieve 9. The stage where children are scared of bodily injuries 10. The measurement of the increase in size of a structure

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Definition
Growth
Increase in physical size of structure as a whole

A quantitative change
Development: Increase in capabilities and skills A qualitative change
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Principles of Growth and Development

Continuous process
From conception to birth Not all parts grow and develop at the same time or rate Most rapid periods are INFANCY and ADOLESCENTS Each child is unique Affected by heredity and environment
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 G and D normally follows a directional trend

Cepahlo-caudal: Head to toe Proximo-distal: Center to extremities

Symmetrical: Sides of body develop at the same rate

Mass specific differentiation: From simple gross functions to finer complex ones G and D also follows a sequential pattern E.g. creep, crawl, sit, stand
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 Behavior: Most compressive indicator of development

Play: Universal language of children

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Factors affecting G and D

Heredity Race Intelligence Sex Nationality Environment Quality of nutrition Socio-economic status Ordinal position in family Parent-child relationship
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Foundations of Growth and Development

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Age Periods
Infancy (0-12 months) Neonate: 0 to 28 days of life Formal infancy: 29 days to 12 months Early childhood Toddler: 1 to 3 years Preschooler: 4 to 6 years Middle childhood Schooler: 7 to 12 years Late childhood Pre-adolescent: 11 to 13 years Adolescent: 12 to 18-21

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Methods of Studying G and D

Cross-sectional: Performed at a defined time
Longitudinal: Correlational study done over time

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Biologic Growth and Development

Increase anthropometric measures
Maturation of bodily systems Improvement of gross and fine motor skills Increase in bodily defenses

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Theories of Growth and Development

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Sigmund Freuds Psychosexual Development Theory

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Eric Eriksons Psychosocial Development Theory

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Sullivans Interpersonal Theory

STAGES (EPOCHS)
1 2 3 4 INFANCY (Birth to 18 months) CHILDHOOD (18 months to 6 years) JUVENILE ERA (6 to 9 years) PREADOLESCENCE (9 to 12 years) EARLY ADOLESCENCE (12 to 14 years)

CHARACTERISTIC S
Gratification of needs Delayed gratification Formation of peer group Developing relationships with same gender Identity

5 6

LATE ADOLESCENCE (14 to 21 Forming lasting, years) intimate relationships Mosby items and derived items 2005, 2001 by Mosby, Inc.

B.F. Skinners Behavioral Theory

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TRUE OR FALSE
1. Growth is a qualitative measure
2. The most rapid periods of growth are infancy and adolescence. 3. Sigmund Freud developed the Psychosocial Theory of Development 4. Teachers are the role models for preschoolers

5. Toddlers, according to Erikson, will usually say No.

Mosby items and derived items 2005, 2001 by Mosby, Inc.

Answer the question

6. The most significant person during infancy
7. The most important person to adolescents 8. The stage where children play makebelieve 9. The stage where children are scared of bodily injuries 10. The measurement of the increase in size of a structure

Mosby items and derived items 2005, 2001 by Mosby, Inc.