ART NOUVEAU

(FURNITURE STYLES)
Aonuevo. Pajel. Reodica. Reyes 2 - Architecture

ART NOUVEAU BACKGROUND

CHARACTERISTICS
EXAMPLES

BACKGROUND
Art Nouveau comes from French and it means New Art. Began in London, Europe in the 1890s. Also Known as JUGENSTIL(Germany), STILE LIBERTY(Italy),

MODERNISTA/MODERNISME(Catalonia) and SECESSION(Vienna or

Prague). It was inspired by Rococo Forms and Based on Sinuous Curves. Was born out of the Industrial Revolution and the New Urban Lifestyles.

BACKGROUND
Influenced by the Arts and Crafts Movement in England and the US and by the Symbolist Movement in France A decorative-art movement centered in Western Europe. It began in the

1890s as a reaction against the historical emphasis of mid-19th-century art,

but did not survive World War I. An art style which was mainly manifested in visual arts, design and architecture in the late 19th century and the early 20th century (1890 1914).

BACKGROUND
Art Nouveau was a continuation of the older arts and crafts movement of the
British designer, William Morris. Art Nouveau was based upon a dream born of the horrified reaction of William Morris to the shabby manufactured goods, festooned in bad taste and marred by poor craft that he saw at the Great Exposition of 1851 in London Art Nouveau was based upon the idea of the Total Work of Art, the gesamtkunstwerk, which engulfed all of the spectators senses. Art Nouveau was a total immersion of life in style. All of existence was to be aestheticized.

BACKGROUND
Art Nouveau was part of a more complex phenomenon that had been unfolding in Europe for a long time. Art Nouveau sought to restore the importance of the decorative arts.

Art Nouveau is often connected to Symbolism

Symbolism was a late extension of Romanticism, a kind of extreme eccentricity, seen in Gustave Moreau and carried on by the Spanish architect, Antoni Gaudi Art Nouveau was an important precedent for the European movement of Expressionism.

BACKGROUND
Art Nouveau exploded onto the design scene in Paris and London at the turn of the twentieth century. It was the first original style, that took inspiration from its surroundings, not

history.
Nature, which had ruled over art for the first half of the nineteenth century, would continue as a source of inspiration, with the one big difference that the new aesthetic required more than just a faithful depiction of plant forms. Instead Nature would be restyled and transcended and finally abstracted.

BACKGROUND
Confronted by the aesthetic bankruptcy of mechanization and the necessity for creating a new style, the Art Nouveau artists made an attempt to return to craft conditions, to revive handicraft. Like the Arts and Crafts movement, it was the style

of the individual designer, who relied on the work of men's hands, not on machines.
The Goal of the Movement was to raise craft to the level of fine art. Turning our artists into craftsmen and our craftsmen into artists. (Walter Crane) Its proponents held that art and life were one and the same.

BACKGROUND
Contributors:
Gothic contributed theory; Baroque its plastic conception of form Rococo its principle of asymmetry. They were scarcely aware of the nature of materials. Wood was twisted into strange shapes and metal writhed in tortuous curves inspired by the flowing interlacings of Nature, for the style as a whole is based on Nature, not only its decoration but also its structural conception. An awareness of this fact is necessary to the understanding of the new art, as it was in Art Nouveau that Nature as an aesthetic expression reached its highest point.

BACKGROUND
The last antique furniture style The Turin Exhibition of 1902 marked the decisive point as well as the crossroads of the style. It was evident to everyone that it was already declining. Although a number of artists continued to use it up to the outbreak of the First World War, the main artistic development after 1902 tended toward simplicity, more emphasis on structural function and less on ornamentation. The real underlying reason for the abrupt rejection, was the rumblings of a new movement; the Modern.

ART NOVEAU PEOPLE

Charles Rennie Mackintosh architect and designer of furniture and jewellery Alphonse Mucha - posters Aubrey Beardsley - book illustrations Louis Comfort Tiffany - lighting Ren Lalique - glass and jewellery Emile Galle - ceramics, glass and furniture Victor Horta - architect

CHARACTERISTICS
Distinctive style, not unique to any one type of art, that would help unify chaotic industrial life. Organic Forms and Curvilinear lines Rich Floral Patterns; Stylized flowers, leaves, roots, buds and seed pods Exotic woods, marquetry, iridescent glass, silver and semi-precious stones

CHARACTERISTICS
Arabesques (Mostly in Posters)- are repetitive and are often geometric patterns Parabolas/ Hyperbolas The style was richly ornamental and asymmetrical, characterized by a whiplash linearity reminiscent of twining plant tendrils. Its exponents chose themes fraught with symbolism, frequently of an erotic nature and imbued their designs with dreamlike and exotic form.

FURNITURE STYLE
The Art Nouveau style is a naturalistic style characterized by intricately detailed patterns and curving lines. APPLICATION: Bringing art into everyday life Emphasis on craftsmanship brought over

from Arts and Crafts Movement

FURNITURE STYLE Appearance

Heavily Ornamented Elaborate
ornamentation

FURNITURE STYLE Chair Arms

Curved - Arms curved outward.

FURNITURE STYLE Chair Arms

Outward Flare - Arms have slight outward curve.

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Chair Back Material

Upholstered Cushioned and fabric covered..

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Chair Back Material

Wood - Solid wood, horizontal slats, vertical slats, or vertical splats.

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Chair Back Shape
Balloon - Balloonshaped chair back, rounded at the top and tapering to the seat.

FURNITURE STYLE Chair Back Shape

Bentwood Curved pieces of wood.

FURNITURE STYLE Chair Back Shape

Top Rail - Simple, flat horizontal top rail.

FURNITURE STYLE Chair Leg

Round - Round, usually shaped or turned leg.

FURNITURE STYLE Chair Leg

Square - Flat surfaced leg on all sides.

FURNITURE STYLE Chair Leg

Straight - Straight leg, vertical to chair seat.

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Chair Seat Material

Cane - Woven rattan.

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Chair Seat Material

Upholstered Cushioned and covered with fabric.

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Chair Seat Material

Wood - Various types of wood.

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Chair Seat Shape

Curved - Circular or rounded seat.

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Chair Seat Shape

Horseshoe Horseshoe shaped seat with a rounded front.

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Chair Seat Shape

Square - Square shaped seat.

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Drawer Pull
Rectangular Plate with Bail Rectangular back plate of solid stamped brass, often with canted corners and an oval bail handle. The size varies from 3 to 4 inches wide to 2 to 2.5 inches high.

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Fabric
Brocade - Rich, heavily woven fabric with a raised design, often with gold or silver thread.

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Fabric
Damask - Medium weight, glossy fabric with a reversible pattern and a figured intricate weave, often of linen, cotton, silk, or wool.

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Fabric
Leather - Material made from the tanning of animal hides.

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Fabric
Linen - Fabric made from the fiber of the flax plant.

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Fabric
Mohair - Fabric made from the angora goat.

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Fabric
Tapestry - Heavy weight fabric with decorative designs.

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Fabric
Velvet - Woven pile fabric that is soft and sturdy, often made of silk with blends of cotton, nylon, and rayon.

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Finish
Lacquer - Tough, adherent finish which can be clear or pigmented.

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Finish
Oil Varnish - Clear finish that emphasized the grain of the wood.

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Finish
Paint - Opaque, pigmented finish that obscures the grain of the wood.

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Foot
Continuation of leg Leg does not terminate into a foot.

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Joint
Dovetail - An interlocking wood joint in which a series of wedgeshaped projections fits into a series of alternating grooves.

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Line
Cyma or S-Curve - Sshaped curve, partly concave and partly convex.

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Line
Slight Curve - Gently curving lines.

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Motif
Floral - Flowers.

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Motif
Foliage - Leaves or vines.

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Motif
Tulip - Cup-shaped flower.

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Ornamentation
Carving - Cutting or chipping the surface of wood to create a shape or design.

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Ornamentation
Inlay - Contrasting material set into the surface of wood to create a shape or design.

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Ornamentation
Marquetry Combinations of veneer used to create pictures or patterns.

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Proportion
Medium - Moderate dimensions.

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Underbracing
Moderate Moderately proportioned stretchers.

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Wood
Beech - Light brown American hardwood with a flecked grain.

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Wood
Black Walnut - Dark brown American hardwood with a wide range of figures.

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Wood
Mahogany - Redbrown South American and African hardwood.

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Wood
Oak - Gray-brown American hardwood.

EXAMPLES
Art Nouveau Moth Bed

EXAMPLES
Camille Gauthier CARD TABLE. later spuriously signed Gall mahogany, walnut and fruitwood marquetry. 1900

EXAMPLES
A SHAPLAND & PETTER ART NOUVEAU INLAID MAHOGANY DISPLAY CABINET CIRCA 1900. The central cupboard with glazed door embellished with open metalwork foliage, flanked by pireced, mirrored and galleried shelves above cupboards with elaborate inlaid panels of coloured woods and mother-of-pearl, on tapering supports united by stretchers

EXAMPLES
A Continental Art Nouveau inlaid marquetry, walnut and bevelled glass display cabinet circa 1900.

EXAMPLES
Fire screen with marquetry of various woods. Emile Gall (1846-1904).

EXAMPLES
Louis Majorelle (18591926) - "Aux Nnuphars" (The Lillies) Double Bed and Pair of Bedside Tables. Carved Amaranth Wood with Gilt Bronze Hardware and Moldings. Circa 1905.

EXAMPLES
Art Nouveau Desk by Eugene Vallin.

EXAMPLES
Louis Majorelle, about 1900

EXAMPLES
Emile Gall (1846-1904), Nancy, Mahogany and Bronze Server with Fruit Wood Inlays.

EXAMPLES
Nowak, Mahogany and Gilt Bronze Table.

EXAMPLES
Art Nouveau Ladies Writing Desk. Mahogany with Marquetry Inlays and Leather Writing Surface. European. Circa 1900.

EXAMPLES
Chambre art nouveau (Muse d'Orsay) Lit, modle cr en 1899 par Gustave SerrurierBovy (1858-1910)

EXAMPLES
Art Nouveau Chair by Jan Kotera, 1902. Museum of Decorative Arts, Prague.

EXAMPLES
Louis Majorelle (French, 18591926), Nancy, Encoignure, Mahogany, Fruit Wood Inlays and Glass, 1900.

EXAMPLES
Louis Marjorelle (1859-1926) - Side Chair. Carved Mahogany and Gilt Bronze Aux Nnuphars (Lillies), with Cane Seat. Circa 1905.

EXAMPLES
Art Nouveau Style Furniture Charles Rennie Mckintosh.

EXAMPLES
Henri-JulesFerdinand BelleryDesfontaines: Armchair (1990.213) | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art

EXAMPLES
Emile-Galle

EXAMPLES
4-Henryvander Velde1897

EXAMPLES
Armchair with slender plant-frond frame and Art Nouveau upholstery by Louis Majorelle (1899-1900).

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Guimard, Hector (artist) Cabinet from Castel Branger 20th century, 1899

EXAMPLES
Art Nouveau oval vanity with an interesting arrangement of drawers inside and marquetry doors.

EXAMPLES
Jozef Hoffmann (1870-1956)

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Art Nouveau Furniture by Juan Busquets (1874-1949)

EXAMPLES
Art Nouveau cabinet

EXAMPLES
Art Nouveau furniture design by Louis Majorelle (1859 1926).

EXAMPLES
Antonio Gaudi (1852-1926) & Aleix Claps (1850-1920) Vitrine. Carved & Gilt Wood and Glass. Designed for the Casa Ibarz. Barcelona, Spain.

EXAMPLES
French 19th Century Carved Art Nouveau Settee

EXAMPLES
The Battlo Bench designed by Antoni Gaudi

EXAMPLES
Gustave Serrurier-Bovy Red narra and ash with copper and enamel mounts

FIN