DISSOLVED OXYGEN

OXYGEN
A Soluble gas. A colorless, odorless, tasteless, gaseous chemical element that occurs free in the atmosphere. It is very active, combines with nearly all other elements, is the most common element in the earth's crust, and is essential to life processes and to combustion.

OXYGEN: AQUATIC LIFE DEPENDS ON IT

Both aquatic plants and animals depend on dissolved oxygen for survival. Lack of dissolved oxygen can cause aquatic animals to quickly leave the area or face death. Under low oxygen conditions, the aquatic animal community changes quickly. Under extreme conditions, lack of oxygen can kill aquatic plants and animals.

CO2

O2

What Is Dissolve Oxygen In Water?

Dissolve Oxygen (DO) - Oxygen gas that is dissolved into water. DO is essential for rivers, streams, lakes, and aquatic life. It is a positive sign to have DO in water. If there is an absence of oxygen in water, it can be a sign of severe pollution. Water ranges from very high levels of DO to very low levels of DO. Sometimes the DO is so low, there is hardly any aquatic life.

DO Level (in ppm)

0.0 - 0.04
4.1 - 7.9 8.0 - 12.0

Water Quality
Poor
Fair Good

Factors Affecting DO
Volume and velocity of water flowing in the water body. Climate/Season Salinity The type and number of organisms in the water body. Dissolved or suspended solids Amount of nutrients in the water Organic Wastes Altitude Groundwater Inflow

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE IN DO

Maximum dissolved oxygen concentrates vary with temperature

Temperature (C) DO (mg/l) Temperature (C) DO (mg/l) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 14.60 14.19 13.81 13.44 13.09 12.75 12.43 12.12 11.83 11.55 11.27 11.01 10.76 10.52 10.29 10.07 9.85 9.65 9.45 9.26 9.07 8.90 8.72 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 8.56 8.40 8.24 8.09 7.95 7.81 7.67 7.54 7.41 7.28 7.16 7.16 6.93 6.82 6.71 6.61 6.51 6.41 6.41 6.22 6.13 6.04 5.95

Table 5.3

Maximum dissolved oxygen concentrat es vary with temperatur e

How Is Dissolved Oxygen Measured?

DO concentration can be reported as milligrams per litre, parts per millions, or as percent air saturation. 1 milligram per litre is equal to 1 part per million. 100% air saturation refers to the amount of dissolved oxygen that would be in water if it were completely saturated with air.

METHODS OF MEASURING DO:

1. DISSOLVED OXYGEN METER

- A DO meter measures the pressure of oxygen in water.

2. MODIFIED WINKLER DISSOLVED OXYGEN DETERMINATION - In the modified Winkler method, various chemicals are added to the water sample. Then Sodium Thiosulfate is titrated into the sample. The dissolved oxygen concentration can be calculated based on the amount of titrant added to the sample. The formula used is:

Dissolved Oxygen Technology

Three common electrochemical sensors technology: Galvanic Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Polarographic Oxygen Sensor Optical Dissolved Oxygen Sensor

Galvanic Dissolved Oxygen Sensor

Polarographic Oxygen Sensor

Optical Dissolved Oxygen Sensor