CONFLICT AND PEACEMAKING

Personality development and social relations

A perceived incompatibility of actions or goals (Myers, 2012)

Disagreement, discord, and friction that occur when the actions or beliefs of one or more members of the group are unacceptable to and resisted by one or more of the other group members (Forsyth, 2010)

CONFLICT

Conflict Escalation

CONFLICT

Conflict resolution

Routine Group interaction

Routine Group interaction

SOURCES OF CONFLICT

An interpersonal situation where individuals must choose between maximizing their personal outcomes or maximizing their groups outcomes

SOCIAL DILEMMA

THE PRISONERS DILEMMA THE TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS

THE PRISONERS DILEMMA

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THE TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS

individual consumption by
other.

deplete the resource, what we do was maximize our

Lacking regulation and fearing that soon others will

utilizing one after the

FEATURES
Both games tempt people to explain their behavior situationally and to explain their partners behavior dispositionally.

Motives often change

Both sides can win; both can lose

RESOLVING SOCIAL DILEMMA

Regulation Have smaller groups

Communicate often

Reward cooperation and punish exploitation

Appeal to the public good

Sherif study in 1966 Groups behave more competitively than do individuals.

Men get caught up in the intergroup competition.

COMPETITION

Lack of equity

PERCEIVED INJUSTICE

My outcomes My inputs

Your outcomes Your inputs

Three possible reactions of those who were exploited: 1. Accept and justify their inferior positions 2. Demand compensation by harassing their exploiter 3. Retaliate

Misperception of motives and goals of others

Mirror-image perception : misperceptions of those in conflict are mutual.

MISPERCEPTION

The outcome of a creatively managed conflict, one in which the parties reconcile their perceived differences and reach a genuine accord.

PEACE

Contact

In general, contact predicts tolerance Proximity boosts liking Factors: common external threats (eg. Being stranded in UST), superordinate goals (goals that unite all in a group and require cooperative effort eg. helping each other to restore water supply), cooperative learning (teaching each other and learning from each other) Bargain: conflict resolution through direct negotiation between parties Mediation: attempt of a neutral party to resolve conflict by facilitating communication Arbitration: attempt of a neutral partly to resolve conflict by studying both sides and imposes a settlement Conciliatory gesture of a soft answer, warm smile, a gentle touch to ease the tension

Cooperation

Communication

Conciliation

Myers, D. (2012). Exploring social psychology (6 th ed). New York: McGraw-Hill

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