Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ZTE university
Learning goals
To know interworking between 2G-3G networks To master strategies of reselection & handover between 2G-3G networks To know algorithms of cell reselection & handover between 2G-3G networks
Contents
Conditions for 2G-3G interworking 2G-3G reselection & handover strategies 2G-3G reselection algorithms 2G-3G handover algorithms 2G-3G load-balance handover algorithms
adjacent cells
Define cells out of BSC Define adjacent cell for
2G covered area
2Quater system
message
MS reads system
3G covered area
Setting of 2G-3G
interworking parameters
Handover & reselection
parameters
2quater message The precondition for system to send message is that data configuration must meet one of the following criteria: The cell is configured with 3G adjacent cells; The cell supports NC2 function (network controls cell reselection);
2quater content Description of FDD(TDD) at UTRAN side Description of 3G measurement parameters Description of GPRS 3G measurement parameters Network control measurement parameters Information of cells adjacent to UTRAN FDD(TDD)
IUR-G interface
To realize wireless integration of 2G and 3G networks To reach inter-system balance based on information of GSM cell capacity and load To select handover target cell based on information of GSM cell capacity and load To select target cell of RAB redirection based on information of GSM cell capacity and load
Contents
Conditions for 2G-3G interworking 2G-3G reselection & handover strategies 2G-3G reselection algorithms 2G-3G handover algorithms 2G-3G load-balance handover algorithms
Handover
CS handover/PS handover
When subscriber originates service, 2G-3G interworking occurs during the service connection between UE and mobile networks. The service falls into two types: CS handoverCS PS handoverPS
Key areas
coverage capacity
GSM covers the whole area GSM faces heavy capacity load
Relation between GSM and WCDMA at the initial state: WCDMA focuses on coverage and tries to form complete coverage with the help of GSM; GSM reduce its load pressure with the help of WCDMA.
Actual capacity
Constructed capacity
Actual capacity
Constructed capacity
Only when UE leaves 3G-covered area , will it perform 3G-2G cell reselection; once it returns to 3G-covered area, it will start 2G-3G cell reselection. In order to ensure the continuity of speech, 3G-2G handover should be supported. CS service which is being performed in 2G network doesnt need handover to 3G network, so as to reduce call drops due to UTRAN handover (hard handover). In order to guarantee PS subscribers satisfaction, bi-directional handover of PS service is recommended.
Contents
Conditions for 2G-3G interworking 2G-3G reselection & handover strategies 2G-3G reselection algorithms 2G-3G handover algorithms 2G-3G load-balance handover algorithms
can select and roam between 2G and 3G networks through selecting PLMNMCC+MNC , and there is no need to upgrade 2G network.
Whether
3G and 2G adopt the same PLMN-ID, the strategy of preferably selecting 3G network can be realized.
3G and 2G adopt different PLMN-ID
Set 3G network to be home networkHPLMN,UE searches and makes reselection periodically after it switches to 2G network VPLMN.
preferred radio access technology Access Technology, then UE will preferably adopt 3G to make radio access when it selects PLMN.
PLMN selection
RPLMN
PLMN selection after UE is powered Change of PLMN ie. reselection, which occurs User Controlled PLMN Selectorduring cell reselection
and 2G networks are configured with different IDs during network planning;
HPLMN
HPLMN
USIM PLMN PLMN with good signal quality (in reselection interval random order) when an account is Other PLMN [in order of signal quality (high-low)] opened; note there is an hysteresis of 6mins. Histeresis of 6minsafter UE resides in GSM network, it has to wait for at least 6mins before it can return to 3G network.
They should support the reselection threshold parameters of cells configured with broadcast UTRAN system. They should support configuration of 3G adjacent cells.
selection: select the cell with the best signal in current network;
reselection: as signals of the serving cell (in which UE resides) and its adjacent cells change/deteriorate, UE needs to select a new cell with better signal to reside.
S principle not satisfied, keep searching cells
N Y Normal residence
PLMA selection
Search cell
S principle
Cell is non-HPLMN
N
Keep searching cells
Formula:
Squal = Qqualmeas Qqualmin Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas Qrxlevmin Compansation
If
For FDD: Squal > 0 & Srxlev > 0 For TDD: Srxlev > 0
then UE will take the cell as a suitable one and reside in it.
Param eter
Meaning
Value range
0-15
Qsearch Search for 3G cells if signal level is below (0-7) or _I above (8-15) threshold 0 = - 98 dBm, 1 = - 94 dBm, , 6 = - 74 dBm, 7 = (always) 8 = - 78 dBm, 9 = - 74 dBm, , 14 = - 54 dBm, 15 = (never). Default value = (never).
Location: 3G adjacent cell list and cell reselection parameters are described in system broadcast message SI2quaterand SI2ter which is sent on BCCH or extended BCCH.
Function: to control the adjacent cell measurement and reselection process under UE idle mode.
Parameter
Value range
0-15
FDD_Qoffse Applies an offset to RLA_C for cell re-selection to access t technology/mode XXX (one or more)0 = - (always select a cell if acceptable), 1 = -28 dB, 2 = -24 dB, , 15 = 28 dB.Default value = 0 dB. FDD_Qmin A minimum threshold for Ec/No for UTRAN FDD cell reselection,0= -20dB,1=-6dB, 2= -18dB, 3= -8dB, 4= -16dB, 5= 10dB, 6= -14dB, 7= -12dB.Default value= -12dB.
0-7
FDD_RSCPmin
and FDD_Qmin_Offset are first added in version 3GPP R6, currently they are not supported in system.
two parameters control inter-system cell reselection process. When a UE satisfies all the following conditions, it can make reselection to UTRAN adjacent cells. RSCP >= FDD_Qoffset + RLA_C RSCP >= FDD_Qoffset + RLA_n Ec/No >= FDD_Qmin-FDD_Qmin_Offset RSCP>= FDD_RSCP_threshold
Notes:
2G-3G cell reselection is not allowed within 5s after 3G-2G reselection; if more than one 3G cell satisfies the conditions, UE shall select the cell with the largest RSCP value.
Only when the field strength of 3G network is guaranteed, will reselection to 3G occur. Normally, in 3G covered areas with weak field strength and the marginal areas overlapped by 3G and GSM networks,this principle shall be considered first. On condition that the principle of field strength is satisfied, selection to WCDMA should be as soon as possible, so as to provide subscribers with high-end services. In areas continuouly covered by WCDMA network, this principle shall be considered first. Dual-mode terminal consumes more power in performing intersystem signal measurement, so this principle shall be fully considered when we deploy networks with overlapped coverage areas.
PSI3quarter sends parameters related to inter-system cell reselection (3G adjacent cell information, measurement and control parameters of cell reselection) to MS. Packet Cell Change Order or Packet Measurement Order send parameters related to inter-system cell reselection (3G adjacent cell information, measurement and control parameters of cell reselection) to MS; these parameters will be used in PS cell reselection process. Meaning
Search for 3G cells if signal level below threshold (0-7): - 98, - 94, , - 74 dBm, (always) or above threshold (8-15):- 78, - 74, , - 54 dBm, (never). Default value = (never). Applies an offset to RLA_P for cell re-selection to access technology/mode XXX (one or more), 0 = - (always select a cell if acceptable), 1 = -28 dB, 2 = -24 dB, , 15 = 28 dB. Default value = 0 dBm.
parameter
Qsearch_P
Value range
0-15
0-15
Explanation of NC2/NCCR
It supports different cell reselection parameters in PS service to realize cell reselection of packet idle mode and packet transmission mode. Advantage: it makes full use of available network information to make reasonable judgment and realize optimized distribution of network services; it reduces the useless cell reselection performed by MS, and improves TBF transmission efficiency.
Meaning of value MS operations
Network_ControlOrder
NC0
NC1
Controlled by normal MS
Controlled by MS which reports MRs Controlled by network
NC2
MS sends MRs to network, and realizes cell reselection only based on the reselection order from network. Only when cell reselection is triggered by failure of sending downlink signalling or random access, will MS execute autonomous cell reselection.
Explanation of NC2/NCCR
Realization ofNC2/NCCR
BSC and RNC can collect information of external cells through Gb (lur-g) interface and RIM process. (Currently we can only realize external NACC through Gb interface and RIM process.)
BSC/RNC 1 CN
RAN Information Request
BSC/RNC 2
Master BSC enables external cells to start RAN Information Send process through RAN Information Request, so as to transmit the system information of external cells to the serving cell.
Contents
Conditions for 2G-3G inter-working 2G-3G reselection & handover strategies 2G-3G reselection algorithms 2G-3G handover algorithms 2G-3G load-balance handover algorithms
For 3G-GSM CS handover, main requirements stay with 3G network; for GSM network, attention should be paid to the following:
BSSAP signaling Handover Request at A interface should at least support R99 (version), which means it should adapt to the changes of coding mode of Cell Identifier (Serving) which carries 3G serving cell ID; Ignore the RF value (6 , 7) in classmark2 which is carried in BSSAP signaling Handover Request; For the encrypted algorithm sent by GSM MSC, even the encryption function is not enabled in BSS, it can also ignore the encrypted algorithm and perform the following handover process. When BSS sends HANDOVER REQUEST ACK to GSM MSC, Chosen Encryption Algorithm IE must contain the specific encryption mode, whether encryption function is enabled or not. Currently GSM-WCDMA and WCDMA-GSM PS handover is not supported in iBSC.
HANDOVER DETECT HANDOVER COMPLETE SEND END SIGNAL REQUEST SEND END SIGNAL RESPONSE HANDOVER COMPLETE
BSC broadcasts SI 2quater on BCCH or extended BCCH; MS may receive Measurement Information in downlink SACCH sent by BSC during a call.
Messages
to be collected
Network resource optimization HO due to service Network resource optimization HO due to service
by MS
Description of 3G adjacent cell parameters Configuration of 3G adjacent cells Parameters of adjacent cell measurement Handover parameters
HO due to coverage
HO due to coverage
HO due to coverage
3G initial stage
3G expansion stage
3G mature stage
Meaning
Search for 3G cells if signal level below threshold (0-7): - 98, - 94, , - 74 dBm, (always) or above threshold (8-15): - 78, - 74, , - 54 dBm, (never) Indicates the Qsearch value to be used in connected mode before Qsearch_C is received, 0 = use Qsearch_I, 1 = (always). Default value = use Qsearch_I. Indicates if 3G cells may be searched when BSIC decoding is required, 0 = no, 1 = yes Default value = yes
Value range
0-15
Qsearch_C_Ini tial
0/1
3G_SEARCH_ PRIO
0/1
Besides the important parameters listed above, some other parameters are also sent to MS in the system messages, such as: FDD_REP_QUANT measurement of quantity, RSCP or Ec/No REPORT_TYPEtype of MR, MR or EMR;
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER COMMAND
To decide target cell through processing of MRs and the strategy of network selection priority :
HANDOVER REQUEST carries Service Handover field, which is used to indicate handover strategy for BSC in the following handover process.
Based on the configuration principles set in OMCR, BSC decides which network shall be prioritized for handover according to the strategy of network selection priority, which can be set in OMCR as well.
Whats more, if both WCDMA and TD-SCDMA adjacent cells are available at the same time, the priority of WCDMA and TD-SCDMA can be decided through parameter FDD/TDD handoverFDDTDDPrio at iBSC side.
Contents
Conditions for 2G-3G interworking 2G-3G reselection & handover strategies 2G-3G reselection algorithms 2G-3G handover algorithms 2G-3G load-balance handover algorithms
UE
UTRAN
Signaling establishment fails due to lack of resource in 3G network; 3G is redirected to be 2G network; UE starts access again in 2G network without target cell defined.
CN
UTRAN
UTRAN
Assignment failure
CN
Service establishment fails due to lack of resource in 3G network; if its 2G-supported CS service or low-rate PS service, 3G will appoint suitable 2G cell, and CN will start handover to the appointed 2G cell.
Directed-retry
Long
Low
Light
Signalling establishment failure CN requests handover of service to 2G network after service establishment success. Cell with light congestion
Service handover
Short
High
Serious
Short
High
Serious
When GSM cells are configured with TD adjacent cells, halt or restart may occur to MS due to flaws in some terminal chips. Solution Aconfigure a GSM cell with an FDD adjacent cell and a TDD adjacent cell at the same time; when MS discovers there is FDD adjacent cell in SI2quater, it will not read the information of TDD adjacent cell, so that abnormal phenomena will not occur to MS when it receives information of TDD adjacent cell. Solution Bset parameter NR_OF_TDD_CELLS=31 in SI2quater to prevent MS entering endless-loop when it reads SI2quater message, so as to avoid abnormal phenomena of MS.
Solution A and solution B are directed at MS chips with different flaws, but they can exist mutually, so they can be used together to solve chip problems. We call this solution A+B Method: change TDD handover allowed to Not allowed at iBSC.