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Objective
Learn the background, standards and evolution of GPRS and EDGE Master structure and protocol of GPRS/EDGE network Master radio block structure and channel code of GPRS and EDGE Learn the difference of GPRS and EDGE Learn cell reselection procedure and RLC/MAC procedure
Content
Review of GPRS and EDGE Technologies Channel Combination and Frame Structure Comparison of GPRS and EDGE Data Transferring Process Process of Evolution from GPRS and EDGE to 3G
What is GPRS?
Packet switch is most efficient way of using frequency in data application. GPRS = mobile + IP, which is the integration of GSM radio access technique and internet packet switch technique.
What is EDGE?
Improve the data transmission rate through radio connections in GSM. Including EGPRS and ECSD, it can be used to transmit PS and CS data. It can fully make use of existing GSM resources.
Seamless Connection to IP Network High Transmission Always Online and Traffic Accounting Provides existing mature GSM technologies and data service deployment schemes.
A kind of modulation coding technology, which has changed the rate of air interface. The characteristics of air interface in EDGE are same as those in GSM. EDGE just upgrades BTS and PCU. The core network of EDGE adopts a three-layer model. EDGE supports both packet switching and circuit switching modes for data transmission.
R/S
Um
EIR SGSN Border Gateway Inter-PLMN network GGSN Firewall Data Network (Internet)
Server
Router
R
Server
Content
Review of GPRS and EDGE Technologies Channel Combination and Frame Structure Comparison of GPRS and EDGE Data Transferring Process Process of Evolution from GPRS and EDGE to 3G
52 Multiframe Structure
52 TDMA Frames
B0 B1 B2 T B3 B4 B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
RLC Block
T = PTCCH,
I= Idle frame
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Except PRACH and PTCCH/U, the unit of logical channels is Block with the occupancy sequence is B0, B6, B3, B9, B1, B7, B4, B10, B2, B8, B5, B11.
52 Multiframe Structure
One 52 multi-frame includes 12 radio blocks In circuit domain, one TDMA frame is divided into 8 TSL TSL assigned to GPRS is PDCH Multiple TSL can constitute one PDCH group, each including 8 TSL at most. Basic unit of radio resource allocation and radio transferring is BLOCK. One BLOCK includes 4 TDMA frame which is the smallest unit of user occupancy. Surplus 4 burst is used for measuring and reporting TA Multiple users scramble for these blocks, in this way the goal of packet share is achieved.
Traffic CH
Logical CH
PS
Control CH
PPCH PNCH
PACCH PTCCH/D
PDCCH
PTCCH/U
include packet service channel and packet control channel Unidirectional traffic channelPDTCH/UPDTCH/D Broadcasting control channelPBCCH Common control channelPPCHPRACHPAGCH PNCHsend notification message Dedicated control channelPACCHPTCCH/Uto estimate TAPTCCH/Dsend TA upgrading message
Mode 1PBCCHPCCCHPDTCHPACCH PTCCH Mode 2PCCCHPDTCHPACCHPTCCH Mode 3PDTCHPACCHPTCCH PCCCH = PPCH + PRACH + PAGCH + PNCH When GPRS traffic is not intense, GPRS and circuit traffic generally share BCCH and CCCH in cells. In this case, mode 3 is needed. Packet common channel is needed to be configured in the cell. Channel combination is either mode 1 or mode 2.
Service Volume
BCS
Data rate is 9.05 Kbps, 13.4 Kbps, 15.6 Kbps21.4 Kbps accordingly. Channel coding of CS-1 is the same with that of SDCCH. C/I of CS-1 and CS-2 is the same with that of voice service with the coverage of 90100C/I of CS-3 is higherC/I of CS-4 is much higher and favorable radio environment are required.
Network will adjust channel coding mode based on realtime monitoring of radio transmission
Different TSL can select different channel coding mode When the quality radio transmission is good, its necessary to use more efficient coding mode.
Coding Family
Family A: The payload of family A code has 37 bytes. It corresponds to MCS-3, MCS-6 or MCS-9 coding scheme. Family A padding: The payload of family A padding code has 34 bytes. It corresponds to MCS-3, MCS-6,or MCS-8 coding schemes. Family B: The payload of family B code has 28 bytes. It corresponds to MCS-2, MCS-5 or MCS-7 coding scheme. Family C: The payload of family C code has 22 bytes. It corresponds to MCS-1 or MCS-4 coding scheme.
Content
Review of GPRS and EDGE Technologies Channel Combination and Frame Structure Comparison of GPRS and EDGE Data Transferring Process Process of Evolution from GPRS and EDGE to 3G
EDGE is built on the basis of GPRS. EDGE has great influence on GPRS RF, physical layer at radio interface, and RLC/MAC protocol. Relative to GPRS, EDGE changed Link Quality Control (LQC).
GPRS uses Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) as the modulation mode. In addition to GMSK (MCS1~MCS-4), EGPRS also uses 8-PSK modulation mode (MCS5~MCS9).
GPRS uses CS1~CS4 modulation and coding schemes. EGPRS uses MCS1~MCS9 modulation and coding schemes. In GPRS, a RLC radio block only corresponds to a RLC data block. In EGDE, a RLC radio block can correspond to two RLC data blocks using MCS7~MCS9 coding scheme,
In GPRS, it only supports adaptive link mode. In EDGE, it not only supports adaptive link mode (mixed ARQ type 1), but also supports incremental redundancy (mixed ARQ type 2).
In GPRS, two measurements can be done up to within 240 ms. In EDGE, measurement can be done on the basis of each pulse.
Content
Review of GPRS and EDGE Technologies Channel Combination and Frame Structure Comparison of GPRS and EDGE Data Transferring Process Process of Evolution from GPRS and EDGE to 3G
UL TBF Access
CCCH PCCCH PACCH ONE PHASE means network assigns adequate resource one time upon network receiving channel request. TWO PHASE means network assigns single RLC & MAC block the first time and assign corresponding RR upon MSs specific request.
Access Mode
PRACH or RACH
PDTCH
MS
Network
PDTCH
PACCH PDTCH PDTCH
PACCH
PACCH PDTCH PACCH
GPRS Paging
Network
PPCH or PCH
PRACH or RACH
PAGCH or AGCH
Packet Paging Response (LLC frame)
PACCH
PDTCH
PDTCH PACCH
Data Block
Packet Downlink Assignment Data Block Data Block (last, polling) final Packet Ack/Nack
PDTCH
PACCH
PACCH
TA Initialization
Initial TA value isnt contained in Immediate Assignment message, indicating UL data transmission will not be conducted before TA value is gotten from TA update System sends Packet Polling Message requesting MS to send access burst for computing of initial TA value Use default TA value as initial TA for cell radius is not great. Update once every 8x52multi-frame (1920ms, approximately 2 second)
Continuous TA update
Uplink:
Downlink: TA message 1
TA message 2
TA message 3
For UL & DL data transferring, TAI will be gotten upon getting PDCH. TAI is from 0 to 15 and indicates 16 idle frame location of constant 8*52 multi-frame. On UL channel, MS sends access burst on Idle frame assigned by specified TAI. On DL, corresponding idle frame sends TA Message.
CH is power control parameter constant through control message from network to MS related to MS and channels, 0 is a constant and the value is 39dBm in the case GSM900 and 36dBm in the case of DCS1800 is notified to MS by control message of BCCH or RLC , and is a weighting factor of receiving factor when MS computing TxPwr with the value of 0~1. Cstandardized value of MS receiving signaling level. PMAX is maximum transmission power allowed in cell and the value is GPRS_MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH when PBCCH exists otherwise it is MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH
BTS BSC
BSC BTS
SGSN
Content
Review of GPRS and EDGE Technologies Channel Combination and Frame Structure Comparison of GPRS and EDGE Data Transferring Process Process of Evolution from GPRS and EDGE to 3G
GPRS Evolution
According to tradition, GSM-GPRS-EDGEWCDMA is the right path from GSM to 3G. But in GSA case, EDGE parallels WCDMA. i.e the roll of EDGE changes in evolution from one stop to the destination. According to the definition of 3G set by ITU, 384kbps is the criterion of 3G. Theoretically EDGE rate reaches 473.6kbps, So for small or middle sized operators without 3G license, EDGE is their destination.
GPRS Evolution