DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION Andhra Pradesh

Name of the faculty

Designation Branch Institute

: K.Naveen Kumar
: Lecturer : Civil Engg. : J.N. Govt. Polytechnic, Ramanthpur, Hyd : V Semester : Hydraulics II : C-505 : Flow through pipes : 50 minutes : Losses in pipes : Diagrams, Animations
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Year/Semester Subject Subject Code Topic Duration Sub Topic Teaching Aids

Objectives:
On completion of this period, You would be able to know
Major Losses in pipes Minor Losses in pipes Relevant Formulae

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Characteristics of flow through pipes:

Flows under pressure Involves Turbulent flow (Re > 4000)

Examples: Water pipe lines , oil pipes

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Energy Losses in Pipes:

Major Losses

Minor Losses

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Major Losses:
The major loss of energy is caused by the friction and it is calculated either by Darcy weisbach equation or Chezys formula

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Minor Losses:
The minor losses are caused due to
Change in the velocity of liquid, Direction and change in diameter of the pipe. etc..

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Major Losses:
Loss of head due to Friction is Calculated by

Darcy- Weisbach Formula Chezys Formula

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Darcy-Weisbach formula:
hf = 4 f l v 2 2gd
Where hf = Loss of head due to friction f = Co-efficient of friction l = Length of Pipe v = Mean Velocity of flow d = Diameter of Pipe

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Chezys Formula
V C mi
Where C = Constant m = Hydraulic mean depth i = Loss of head per unit length

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Chezys Formula contd..

m=A/P
A = cross sectional area P = wetted perimeter i = hf / l

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Minor Losses:
The loss of head due to the change of velocity of liquid in magnitude or direction is called minor loss of head

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Minor Losses:
Entrance of pipe

Exit of pipe
Sudden expansion of pipe Sudden contraction of pipe

Bend in pipe
Pipe fittings Obstruction in a pipe

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 Loss of the head at entrance of pipe (hi)

v hi 0.5 2g
Where v = velocity at inlet of pipe

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 Loss of head at exit of pipe ( hO):

v h0 2g
Where v = velocity at outlet of pipe

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Loss of head due to the sudden enlargement :

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Loss of head due to sudden Enlargement (he):

(v1 v2 ) he 2g
Where

V1 = Velocity of flow at section 1-1 V2 = Velocity of flow of section 2-2

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Loss of head due to sudden Contraction (hc):

2 2

vc

v2

Loss of head due to sudden Contraction (hc):

v2 he 0.5 2g
Where V2 = Velocity of flow section 2-2

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Quiz
1. The loss of head due to sudden expansion in a pipe is given by
(a)

V 2g

(b)

(v1 v2 )2 2g

(c)

4 flv 2 gd

(d)

0.5v 2g

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2.The loss of head due to the friction is neglected in

(a) Short Pipe (b) Long Pipe (c) Suddenly Changed Pipe

(d) None of above

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Summary
We have Discussed Major Losses

Minor Losses

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