Professional Documents
Culture Documents
200 Control
46 Case Moms
Moms
Mean
9.8 * 7.4
Homocysteine
Mean SAH 33 * 23
• Elevated homocysteine is an
independent risk factor for
Alzheimer's disease.
–The longer they have had FM, the greater the gray matter loss
–Each year of FM = 9.5 times the gray matter loss as that seen in normal aging
Total antioxidant capacity and the severity of the pain i n patients with
fibromyalgia.
Redox Rep. 2006;11(3):1315.
Current concepts in the pathoph ysiology of fibromyalgia: the potential
role of oxidative stress and nitric oxide.
Rheumatol Int. 2006 May;26(7):58597.
Antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation and n itric oxide in fibromyalgia:
etiologic and therapeutic concerns.
Rheumatol Int. 2006 May;26(7):598603.
Free radicals and antioxidants in primary fibromyalgia: an oxidative
stress disorder?
Rheumatol Int. 2005 Apr;25(3):18890.
Are advanced glycation endproductmodified proteins of pathogenetic
importance in fibromyalgia?
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2002 Oct;41(10):11637.
• Oxidative stress is implicated in endometriosis.
– J Soc Gynecol Investig. 2006 Sep;13(6):390-8
– Reprod Biomed Online. 2006 Jul;13(1):126-34
– Hum Reprod. 2005 Jul;20(7):2014-20.
– Fertil Steril. 2004 Oct;82 Suppl 3:1019-22.
Hypertension 1999;34:76-82
Parental Magnesium
• Magnesium Research 2006; 19(1): 53-62
Sublingual buccal Mg
7 out of 8 children with
autism were found to have
low levels of sublingual
buccal Mg
Glucose 6-phosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
3-phosphoglycerate
Places where
magnesium 2-phosphoglycerate
is necessary
Phosphoenolpyruvate
Lactate Pyruvate
Succinate Succinyl-CoA
So I took supplements.
I was unable to replete my magnesium.
IV magnesium
Magnesium…where are you?
Consuming delicious greens
--------------
Increasing
consumption of
EDNP foods -------
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4XzDOGZKI68&feature=related
Nutrient Density
• A nutrient density standard for vegetables and fruits:
nutrients per calorie and nutrients per unit cost.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2005 Dec;105(12):1881-7.
Copyright ©2005 The American Society for Nutrition Used with permission
Health Equation
• Eat foods high in nutrients and
low in calories.
• Health = Nutrient/Calories
– Dr. Joel Furhman
– Video: The Greatest Diet on Earth
• www.DrFuhrman.com
• Greens have the highest nutrient per calorie ratio of all fruits and
vegetables.
– www.peertrainer.com/diet/nutrient_density.html
Apple juice,unsweetened
408 47 Kcal
without added ascorbic acid
Applesauce,unsweetened,
1965 43 Kcal
without added ascorbic acid
Increasi ng
AG Es
Gl ucos Protei n
e
Advanced Glycation End-product (AGE)
Gl ucos Li pi d
e s
Advanced Lipoxidation End-product (ALE)
Glycotoxins
Facts about AGEs
Increased
AGEs in
serum
QuickTimeª and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Food derived AGEs
• Once thought to only be problematic in persons with diabetes or
renal failure, dietary AGEs are now being shown to cause
inflammation and contribute to inflammatory and degenerative
processes even in healthy individuals.
– Diet-derived advanced glycation end products are major contributors to the body's AGE pool and
induce inflammation in healthy subjects. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005 Jun;1043:461-6.
– Circulating glycotoxins and dietary advanced glycation endproducts: two links to inflammatory
response, oxidative stress, and aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007 Apr;62(4):427-33.
Advanced glycoxidation end products in
commonly consumed foods. J Am Diet Assoc. 2004
Aug;104(8):1287-91
AGE production in foods is temperature and moisture dependent.
So up …. .a be tter
ch oic e!
Foods highest in fat contain the most AGEs,
followed by meats, processed carbohydrates and
then lowest in AGE content are vegetables and fruits.
1 lb = 454 grams
But ter 265 kU /g
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997 June 10; 94(12): 6474-6479
Regular AGE Diet Low AGE Diet
TNFα OFF-SWITCH
GSH/GSSG NFkB low
ROS IL-6 iNOS
AP-1 NO
IL-1 high
Free
Nitric oxide
Radicals Transcription Cytokines
factors
GSH/GSSG
Th1
Chronic Inflammation Th2
Di etary Oxi dati v
e stres s
AGEs
Environmental insults
Infection
Genetic polymorphisms
Dietary deficiencies
Ant ioxidan
ts
Advanced glycation end products and RAGE: a common thread
in aging, diabetes, neurodegeneration, and inflammation.
Glycobiology. 2005 Jul;15(7):16R-28R.
Pyrimidine synthesis
Purine synthesis Uracil
Thymine
Adenine & Guanine
Folate deficiency Folate sufficiency
Methionine
DHF
10-formyl-THF
DHFR
• DNA deletions
• DNA translocations
The Folate Cycle
Pyrimidine synthesis
Purine synthesis Uracil
Thymine
Adenine & Guanine
Folate deficiency Folate sufficiency
Methionine
10-formyl-THF DHF
DHFR
SAH
B12 MS
CH3-THF homocysteine
(Methyl THF)
MS : methionine synthase
SAM : S-
adenosylmethionine
SAH : S-
adenosylhomocysteine
Notes on methylation
CH3 is called a methyl group
Convert serotonin to
melatonin
Convert
norepinephrine to
epinephrine
Catecholamine
detoxification via COMT
Methylation in
the liver is a
detoxification pathway
for many
chemicals.
Gene expression
Viral silencing
Decreasing SAM/SAH ratio
Inhibits methyl transferase activity
methionine
Folate cycle Methylation
Cycle
SAM
THF
SAH
B12 MS
CH3-THF homocysteine
(Methyl THF)
B6
cystathionine
Transsulfuration
B6
pathway
cysteine
glutathione
H 2O
H 2O 2 Hydrogen
Peroxide
Hydrogen
Peroxide
+ Glutathione
Glutathione Utilization
cysteine
GST Detoxification of
SOD drugs and chemicals
H2O2 GSH
GPx GR
H2O GSSG
GSH: glutathione
GST: glutathione transferase
GSSG: oxidized glutathione
SOD: superoxide dismutase
GR: glutathione reductase
H2O2: hydrogen peroxide
GPx: glutathione peroxidase
Notes on Glutathione
Is an antioxidant made in your body
No oxidative stress
Free radical production in balance with
antioxidants
Environmental insults Oxi da tive
str ess
Infection
Genetic polymorphisms
Poor diet
– DNA synthesis
• Uracil and DNA repair
– Detoxification of chemicals
and control of oxidative
stress
• Methylation of chemicals
• Glutathione (GSH)
– GST helps inactivate
chemical carcinogens into
less toxic or inactive
metabolites
methionine
THF SAM
B12 MS
SAH H
CH3-THF
(Methyl THF) homocysteine H
GSH
GSH
H
GS
thimerosal H
GS
GSH GSH
Cell Death
GSH
thimerosal
GSH
SAME DOSE of
thimerosal as
in previous A person with
slide! lower levels of GSH
GSH
QuickTimeª and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.