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  • Habitat Habitats, Niches, and Community Interactions

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    Janella De Guzman Tomelden
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    Habitats and Niches Habitat: the area where an organism lives. Includes both the biotic & abiotic factors Niche: the full range of physical & biological conditions in which an organism lives & the way in which the organism uses those conditions Habitats and Niches Habitat: the area where an organism lives. Includes both the biotic & abiotic factors Niche: the full range of physical & biological conditions in which an organism lives & the way in which the organism uses those conditions

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    Habitat Habitats, Niches, and Community Interactions

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    Habitats and Niches Habitat: the area where an organism lives. Includes both the biotic & abiotic factors Niche: the full range of physical & biological conditions in which an organism lives & the way in which the organism uses those conditions Habitats and Niches Habitat: the area where an organism lives. Includes both the biotic & abiotic factors Niche: the full range of physical & biological conditions in which an organism lives & the way in which the organism uses those conditions

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    37 views16 pages

    Habitat Habitats, Niches, and Community Interactions

    Uploaded by

    Janella De Guzman Tomelden
    Habitats and Niches Habitat: the area where an organism lives. Includes both the biotic & abiotic factors Niche: the full range of physical & biological conditions in which an organism lives & the way in which the organism uses those conditions Habitats and Niches Habitat: the area where an organism lives. Includes both the biotic & abiotic factors Niche: the full range of physical & biological conditions in which an organism lives & the way in which the organism uses those conditions

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 16

    Habitat & Niches

    03 June 2010

    Habitat.ppt

    Habitat
    Type of environment in which a population or species regularly lives.
    Physical and biotic environment Vegetation
    Forest, meadow, pasture, coniferous forest, etc.

    03 June 2010

    Habitat.ppt

    Habitat
    Habitats may be subdivided into layers or zones
    Microhabitats
    Forest canopy: leaves, branches Shrub layer: leaves, branches, trunks Herb layer: leaves, stems, mosses, ferns Litter: dead fallen leaves, logs,
    Varies in depth, quality

    Soil: topsoil, subsoil


    03 June 2010 Habitat.ppt 3

    Niche
    Species/populations role in its community
    Dimensions of a niche:
    Habitat & microhabitat (space occupied) Food spectrum, essential nutrients
    Plants eaten &/or not eaten

    Reproductive requirements
    Nutrition, nest/den sites

    Seasonality: When are resources required, used.

    03 June 2010

    Habitat.ppt

    Niche
    Fundamental niche
    All resources that could be used in absence of competition.

    03 June 2010

    Habitat.ppt

    Niche
    Realized niche
    Resources actually used in presence of competitor(s).

    03 June 2010

    Habitat.ppt

    Niches
    Competitive exclusion
    When forced to compete, one species eliminates other(s)

    03 June 2010

    Habitat.ppt

    Niches
    Resource partitioning avoids competition; Realized niches divide resources (caterpillars) among several species of warblers.

    03 June 2010

    Habitat.ppt

    Niches
    Resource partitioning avoids competition; Realized niches divide resources (insects) among several species
    woodpeckers, nuthatches, & creepers.

    Each species evolved & adapted to specialized diet.


    03 June 2010 Habitat.ppt 9

    Keystone Species
    Species in a community with vital role (niche) in community organization. Analogy to arch

    03 June 2010

    Habitat.ppt

    10

    Keystone Species
    Species with vital role in community organization. Sea otter on North Americas Pacific Coast

    03 June 2010

    Habitat.ppt

    11

    Keystone Species
    More examples:
    Sea stars on rocky shores Dominant plant species
    Lupines in mountain meadows

    Invasive species may upset keystone


    Removal of sea otters, wolves, sharks

    Top carnivores
    Wolves in Yellowstone National park Sharks on coral reefs

    Removal of nutrients Out-compete keystone

    03 June 2010

    Habitat.ppt

    12

    Niches
    Invasive species competitively exclude native species
    Imported fire ant Kudzu

    03 June 2010

    Habitat.ppt

    13

    Niches
    Invasive species competitively exclude native species
    Purple loosestrife Zebra mussel

    03 June 2010

    Habitat.ppt

    14

    Niches
    Invasive species competitively exclude native species
    Sea lamprey

    03 June 2010

    Habitat.ppt

    15

    Invasive species
    Kudzu Fire ant Zebra mussel Purple loosestrife Leafy spurge Asian long-horned beetle Emerald ash borer Japanese beetle
    03 June 2010 Habitat.ppt

    African honeybee Tiger mosquito Brown tree snake


    Guam

    European starling House sparrow More, & more, &

    16

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