Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Brandon Kessler Brendia Morrison Phil Bolton Virginia Leonard Jim Browning
Defining Attitude
manner, disposition, feeling, position, etc. with regard to a person or thing; tendency or orientation, especially of the mind.
(Bevilacqua, 2009)
Elements of Attitude
Individuality Background Personal Choice Thought Patterns
Attitude Behavior
Employee orientation
Supportive Attitude
(Vecchio, 1988)
Impoverished Management (low concern for the task, low concern for people) Country Club Management (low concern for the task, high concern for the people) Authority/Obedience Management (high concern for task, low concern for people) Team Management (high concern for task, high concern for people)
BELIEFS about a referent or Object ATTITUDE toward referent or object VALUES Held as important
INTENTIONS to behave
OBSERVABLE BEHAVIOR
Attitude
Knowledge
Conscience
Choices
Attitude is Everything
Attitude
Everything can be taken from a man but one thing, the last of the human freedoms to choose ones attitude in any given set of circumstances, to choose ones own way.
Victor Frankl
(Carter-Scott et al., 2004)
Attitude Facts
Estimated that Success is 80% Attitude and 20% Aptitude Positive Mental Attitude Enriches your Personal Life Your Relationships Your Career Positive Outlook the difference between enjoying what you do or simply tolerating it.
(Thomas, 1998)
Example of the Learning and Expression of Attitude toward Work and Career
Current Job with High Pay and Good Promotion Prospects
Parents Involve Child with Interesting Work Projects at Home Mother Won an Award for Helping Her Company in an Emergency
(Harrell, 2003)
Be passionate about what you do The right attitude creates opportunity The right attitude motivates others Inspire others Lead yourself first
(Harrell, 2003)
(Harrell, 2003)
(Harrell, 2003)
(Fritz, 2008)
Attitude
The connection between the mind, heart, and body.
Impact of Attitude
Impact
Impact is Influence
Influence - to produce an effect on by imperceptible or intangible means; sway.
Leaders as Influencers
Skilled Influencers
Help their followers transform their attitudes toward a behavior Help followers see the implications of their actions and choices Help followers become personally motivated to enact new behaviors
Leaders as Influencers
Ineffective Influencers
Assume there is no way to change followers attitudes toward a behavior Compensate for lack of personal motivation by:
Pressuring & Forcing
Peer Pressure
Impact
A critical part of attitude is empowerment
Equipping followers with authority and abilities
(Lutz, 2005)
Impact
Attitude is often the deciding factor in new hires
An applicant who: - Gets along well with others - Handles pressure and stress - Demonstrates a pleasant personality and attitude
As Albert Einstein put it: Setting an example is not the main means of influencing another, it is the only means.
(Garrett, 2001)
Attitude Limitations
Absence of Clear Directives Lack of Accountability Rationalizing Inferior Performance Planning in Lieu of Action Aversion to Risk and Change
(Prosen, 2006)
Attitudes/Behaviors are displayed daily Day-to-day choices Habits Expectations and biases Hunches
(Lee, 2008)
All good performance starts with clear goals. Ken Blanchard and Spencer Johnson
(Lee, 2008)
The key to developing people is to catch them doing something right. Ken Blanchard Spencer Johnson The One Minute Leader
(Blanchard, 2007)
Changes in Attitude
From Above, Below, Sideways.
..The floggings will continue until morale improves Solution: Mutiny .Changes in Latitudes, changes in attitudes Solution: Margaritaville ..You can take this job and shove it. Solution: Lottery
(Buffett, 1977)
(Coe, 1976)
Transformational
Measure of Leadership
Transactional Transformational
How you perceive yourself And How others perceive You Influence Your Behavior and the Behavior of Others
Attitudes
(Maxwell, 2005)
The Research
Significant amount of material on work attitudes and behaviors Many different conclusions Many different definitions of attitude
Values Attitudes Moods (VAM) Model Attitude Structure Meaning at Work numerous others.
(Olson et al., 1993) (Epps, 2003)
What to Change
Influences on Attitude
How you view your environment How you view the people around you How the people around you view you
Indicators:
Job Satisfaction Job Involvement Organizational Commitment
(George et al., 1997)
(Epps, 2003)
Changing Attitudes
Current State
Environment Negative Influence Perception: Credibility Issues
Bad Attitudes, Not meeting Requirements -Social Loafing Practically Perfect ..in every way!
Future State
Environment Factors Negated Perceptions Corrected: Credibility Established!
Happy and Productive
No Simple Answers
Attitudes are based on multidimensional, individual personalities and situations
Current environments Current organizational culture Current career point and expectations 36 Basic Values, Hundreds of Attitudes
(Rokeach, 1973)
Up Across
Down
Indicators
Negative Attitude
Body Language/Facial Expressions Verbal Comments Social Loafing Absenteeism
Positive Attitude
Body Language/Facial Expressions Verbal Comments Communicator & Listener Commitment/Achievement Mentors and Trains
(George et al., 1997) (Stevenson et al., 1973)
Recognize & Acknowledge Challenge & Stretch Expand Responsibilities Reward & Promote Mentor Others
(Epps, 2003) (Maxwell, 2005)
Step 2: Identify the Pitfalls identify unknown factors examine fears Step 3: Learn Positive Self-Talk creates self-image, level of self-esteem, self-confidence, and your attitude Step 4: Make Daily Affirmations repeat your goals daily Step 5: Surround Yourself with Positive People close your mind to negativity
References
Blanchard, K., (2007). Leadership smarts: Inspiration and wisdom from the heart of a leader. (1st ed.). Colorado Springs, CO: Honor Books. Buffett, J., (1977). Changes in Latitudes, Changes in Attitudes. Changes in Latitudes, Changes in Attitudes. [LP], Miami, Nashville: ABC Dunhill. Buttner, E., Lowe, B., & Billings-Harris, L., (2006). The Influence of Organizational Diversity Orientation and Leader Attitude on Diversity Activities. Journal of Managerial Issues, 18 (3), 356. Carter-Scott, C., Fraser, J., Anderson, C., Bazar, T., Boucher, J., Carmichael, F., et al. (2004). Ordinary WomenExtraordinary Success. Franklin Lakes, NJ: The Career Press, Inc. Coe, D.A., (1976). Take this Job and Shove It. [Johnny Paycheck] Take this Job and Shove It [LP], Nashville: EPIC (1977). Epps, J., (2003). The Journey of Meaning at Work, Group Facilitation, 5, 17-25. Garrett, A.(2001, August). Crash Course in Leading by Example . Retrieved from http:// www.managementtoday.co.uk/search/article/922337/crash-course-leading-example/ George, J.M., & Jones G. R., (1997). Experiencing Work: Values, Attitudes, and Moods. Human Relations, 50, 4, 393-416. Gioia, C., Dewitt, D., & Bevilacqua, K., (2009). How Do People Develop Their Attitude? In Helium (Personal Moral & Values). Retrieved from http://www.helium.com/items/1561123-how. Grenny, J., Maxfield, D., and Shimberg (2008).How to Have Influence. MIT Sloan Management Review, Volume 50 (No.1), pp. 47 52.
References
Groves, Kevin S. (2005). Linking Leader Skills, Follower Attitudes, and Contextual Variables via a Integrated Model of Charismatic Leadership. Journal of Management, Apr. 2005; vol. 31: pp. 255 277. Retrieved September 16, 2009, from Sage Publications. Harrell, Keith (2003). The Attitude of Leadership. Taking the Lead and Keeping It. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. influence. (n.d.). The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition . Retrieved October 18, 2009, from Dictionary.com website: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/influence Ivancevich, S., Ivancevich, D., & Roscher, R., (2009). The first two years of employment. The CPA Journal, 79, 69-72. Lee, T., (2008). Actions speak loudly. Communication World. 25, 24-29. Lutz, C., (2005). Leading by Example. Security Management, 49(10), 44,46-47. Retrieved September 29, 2009, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 915987081). Maxwell, J.C., (2005). The 360 Leader, Developing Your Influence from Anywhere in the Organization, Nashville: Nelson Business. Muehrcke, J., (2005). Five Secrets Every Leader Should Know. Nonprofit World, 23 (3), 2, 1. Olson, J.M., & Zanna, M.P., (1993). Attitudes and attitude change. Annual Review of Psychology, 44, 117-154. Prosen, B., (2006). Five crippling habits: are they attacking your organization from within? SuperVision, 67, 6-9. Rokeach, M., (1973). The nature of human values, New York: The Free Press. Russell-McCloud, P., (1999). A Is for Attitude. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. Solovic, Susan Wilson (2001). The Power of Planning. In Susan Wilson Solovic, The Girls Guide to Power and Success: Power Comes from a Positive Attitude (pp. 110 111). New York, NY: American Management Association.
References
Stanton, A., Taylor, R., & Stanaland, A., (2009). An Examination of the Relationship Between Research Attitudes and Behaviors of Business School Faculty. Academy of Educational Leadership Journal, 13 (3), 37. Tosi, Henry L., Rizzo, John R., & Carroll, Stephen J. (1986). Attitude Formation and Dynamics. Individual Behaviour. In Henry L. Tosi, Managing Organizational Behavior: Attitude Formation. And Dynamics (pp. 123 130). Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing Company. Ursiny, Tim, DeMoss, Gary, & Ybaben, Marc (2008). The Top Performers Guide to Attitude. Essential Skills That Put You On Top. Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks Inc. Vecchio, R.: Organizational Behaviour (The Dryden Press, 1988), pp 284 -317. W H Weiss. (2001, June). Attitude: A major managerial challenge. SuperVision, 62(6), 3. Retrieved September 29, 2009, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 73448667). Walumbwa, Fred O., Lawler, John J., Avolio, Bruce J., Peng Wang, Kan Shi. (2005). Transformation Leadership and WorkRelated Attitudes: The Moderating Effects of Collective and Self-Efficacy Across Cultures. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, Jan 2005; vol. 11: pp. 2-16. Retrieved September 16, 2009, from Sage Publications. Zigarmi, P., Zigarmi, D., & Blanchard, K.: Leadership and the One Minute Manager (Willow Books, 1986).