Born in Cirebon, West Jawa Dokter from UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA Master of Public Health: HARVARD-USA Doctor of Science: JOHNS

HNS HOPKINS-USA Post Doc in Statistics: UNIV of MICHIGAN-USA

Current Activities:
Indonesian Public Health Association, President Global Fund TB at FPH-UI, Director Health Professions Coalition for Anti Smoking, Chairman National Expert Panel on TB, Health Policy Spesialist Indonesian Healthcare HIV/AIDS Roadmap development,

Head of Team Komnas Penelitian & Pengkajian Penyakit Infeksi (PINERE), Expert Panel Indonesian MCH-Nutrition Eval Team, Head of Team Dept of Health Policy & Administration, UI, Past Chairman; Advice & examnine more than 150 PhD dissertations National Health Research Committee, Expert Panel Research Committee in Hospital, Expert Panel

Visioning Public Health In Indonesia

Future Leaders Responsibility
Materi dapat diakses di: https://www.facebook.com/groups/iakmi.pusat/
adang@post.harvard.edu

Presented at Welcomimg Seminar for New Breed of Future PH Leaders & Knowledge

Public Health Problems in Indonesia

Patients & Community Complaints

Bureacratic reimburse process Limited package No Portability & cost-sharing Free curative as vote gating for politician
Policies and procedures

Keep revisitation Non-holistic curatrive approach

Biz orientation

Poor providerpatient relationship

Sub-standards Health services

Substd competencies

Rejected, loaded. Low empathy Rush time incomplete exams

Problems in professional educ No systematic cont. educ

Delayed Tx

Problem in HRH and logistics

No follow up

Ineffective incentive system for HRH Low capacity in logistic mgmt

Weak in referral system Low acceptancy at primary care

Reactive to illness, no empowerment No PH spectrum

NGO report on HC qual

 No vision for DK system Conflict Professional Orgnz

Govt Stewardship: Up-down priority Limited regulations Low commitment at Local govt

DK Modelling Minim aliansi dr-drgperawat utk keluarga Sinkronisasi dg UKM(-) Sinkr dg UKP lain(-)

Supply side problem

Alienated from healthcare system

Delivery system No programming nationally Piloting: no eval No standards

More than 3 decades Non existence of DK syst

Chronic problems of Dokter Keluarga system

Only 2% GDP vs 10% abroad (limited funds mobilization) Curative orientation, not support healthy life styles

Partial services, only curative. No budgeting

Dokter Keluarga Workshop 2012

Time to access 1st ANC

[VALUE] % no access

1.Weighing pregnant woman 2.Fundus uteri height 3.Blood pressure meas. 4.Iron tablets 5.Tibia sign for pre-eclampsia

DECREASING QUALITY OF MIDWIVES Mothers w/ =<12 w/ 12-60mos. st 1 ANC Total mo. babies Babies compliance n % n % n % Yes 482 37,1 662 38,4 1144 37,9

No

816

62,9

1060

61,6

1876

62,1

Mothers w/ =<12 ANC mo. babies compliance n % 4th Yes No 75 1223 5.8 94.2

w/ 12-60mos. Babies n % 133 1589 7.7 92.3

Total

n
208 2812

%
6.9 93.1

Health centres limited accessibility, availability, effectivity

Inadequate HC need assessment Substandard health care quality Inadequate drug supplies and logistics Barrier to access for poor people Health technology assmt & use(-)

Inadequate healthcare quality climate

Limited monev & superv

Low ability in budget advocacy

Difficulties in HRH placement

Low Financial accountability system

(Healthcare system workshop, 2008)

Using Baldrige Framework:

Low healthcare performance (low achievement, low quality), related to:

Low healthcare leadership at healthcentre Limited HRH capacitation and management Ineffective health information system at health centre Limited community empowerment

Bachtiar et al, MCH & Nutr Midterm E

UNSAFETY CHAIN
Inadequate Capacitation of Healthcare Management System

Limited good clinical governance

Non-compliance procs.

Delayed responses

Adverse Event

Conclusion?
No PH continuum spectrum: Promotive-preventive separated from curative, and rehabilitative

Hedonistic pragmatic profit oriented

Over-rated Sectio cessarea Low access for poor people

Low access in rural areas

Healthcare quality problems Sustainability problem

Problems in

Health Programming & Policies

 Primary health care is neglected (2010 Health Facility Survey)

No maintenance for health devices and appliances Limited procedures for public health and/or clinical pathway/
governance Limited local governments budget for operational and maintenance (big proportion for routine budget, esp gaji PNS)

HRH* supply problems, related to Unstandadized HRH production system Difficult HRH recruitment and placement & maldistributed Limited health professional performance evaluation Limited career path system
*WHO: HRH contributed to est 80% success.

Poor/rich district

GPs Mostly in Cities

Doctors tend to open private practices in (big) cities, even in a (very) high competition. It is assumed relate to incomprehensive ability
Poor people Proportion

MDs in district area (log)

 Chronic problems in drugs accessibility and availability

Inadequate Health information System, i.e. non-existence Knowledge Mgmt System at health centre Data collection abilities Data analysis capacity Information uses for decision making Information uses for capacity development
Mostly its related to limited financing health system

PHC SUSTAINABILITY

LOCAL GOVT BUDGETING FOR HEALTH

Gani, 2011

Means (7 provs)
6.58% 0.70% 0.97% 0.12% 0.06% 0.30% 0.03% 0.00% 0.01% 0.06% 0.15% 0.03% 0.57% 0.07% 0.01% 1.20% 0.41% 0.02% 0.05% 1.83%

PR.1 Public Health Programs PR 1.1 MCH PR 1.2 Nutrition PR 1.3 Immunization PR 1.4 TBC PR 1.5 Malaria PR 1.6 HIV/AIDS PR 1.7 Diarea PR 1.8 Pneumonia PR 1.9 Dengue PR 1.10 Other infectious diseases PR 1.11 Non-infectious diseases PR 1.12 Family Planning PR 1.13 School Health Programs PR 1.14 Reproductive Health PR 1.15 Environmental Health PR 1.16 Health Promotion PR 1.17 Disaster Program PR 1.18 Surveillance PR 1.19 Other Public Health Programs

LOCAL GOVT BUDGETING FOR HEALTH

PR 2 Personal healthcare PR 2.1 Curative visits PR 2.2 Hospitalisation program PR 2.3 Referral program PR 2.4 Others for personal healthcare PR 3 Management and Capacity Building PR 3.1 Administration and health management PR 3.2 Health information system PR 3.3 Capacity Building PR 3.4 Infrastructures provision PR 3.5 Monitoring and supervision PR 3.6 Drugs and health logistics PR 3.7 Health insurance PR 3.8 Other Capacity Building activities

Means (7 provs) 41.23% 1.50% 0.89% 0.15% 38.69%

52.20% 25.29% 0.28% 0.57% 15.65% 0.54% 6.90% 3.24% 0.11% Grand Total 100.00%

% Decreasing Financial Accountability 2004-2007/08

Adverse

490.0%

Disclaimer

1614.3%

WDP

-45.0%

WTP

-61.9%

-200.0%

0.0%

200.0%

400.0%

600.0%

800.0%

1000.0%

1200.0%

1400.0%

1600.0%

1800.0%

WTP=Clean w/o restriciton Disclaimer=Couldnt declare accountability

WDP=Clean, but with some notes/restriction Adverse=Non accountable

In Conclusion:

Non-Pyramidical Energy for Health

TOP REFERRED REFERRED

1st CURATIVE 5 LEVEL PREVENTIVE MEDICINE

INDIVIDUAL COUNSELLING FAMILY COUNSELLING

HEALTH PROMOTION (COMMUNICATED SOCIETY)

COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT
FAMILY RESILIENCE FOR HEALTHY LIFE STYLE

Problems in Other Sectors Related to Health System

 Limited understanding of Human Development Index Approach, i.e. MDG targets Poverty as health risk (vice versa), limitly understood Non synchronize sectors development to support HDI/MDG goals Inappropriate, inadequate and delayed budget transaction implementation Fragmented funding sources for health development Limited budget accountability Low priority HRH mgmt at local governments

CONCLUSION: Inefficient Health System

Misdirected & Overheated Personal Care Overloaded hospital unsafe care, anger and critics

Neglected PHC priorities

Soc Det of Health esp. Poverty Low capacity for PHC devt Unhealthy life styles

Budget orientation for curative

Educate for curative only

Limited ability for healthy life style regulations

Failure in gatekeeping PHC system

Limited synergy of AcadBuss-Govt for Comm Empowerment Low understanding of community empowerment PHC considered not for profit only

Limited budget for PHC

Non-vitalized PHC infrastructures

Low ability in health politics

Modif: Bachtiar, 2011. WHO Meeting for CHW at Srilanka

Low & non standardized PH professions competencies

Work Survey_1
Three (3) competencies are needed in job markets:

Computer literacy Critical system thinking Ability to serve

For first timer job seekers: Positive energy and respect people Output oriented Abide to rules and implement regulations/commands

Work Survey_2
Three (3) barriers for first time job seekers:

No working experiences Limited ability in human relation Low professional competencies

ENOUGH COMPLAINING....

PH VISION
BASED ON SITUATIONS

PH Profesionals Must Have_1

Knowledge-driven model Adequate knowledge and skills to understand health problems, at all levels, ie, individual and community Problem-solving model Adequate professional skills to solve health problems

PH Profesionals Must Have_2

Interactive model Adequate softskills for implementing public health solutions within social economic development frameworks and perspectives
Enlightenment model A comprehensive involvement in social cultural, poltical and economic development for the sake of peoples health

First Domain:

Structurization of Public Health Competencies

7.Mgmt System 8.RESEARCH

1b.PH Diagnosis & Investigation

TUJUAN PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL

BERTAQWA
CERDAS

TERAMPIL

MIRACLE
PROFIL LULUSAN KESMAS

Suplai Nakes Kesmas terampil utk kes bangsa yg blm optimal (belum MIRACLE)

M I R A C L E

MANAGER INNOVATOR RESEARCHER

APPRENTICER
COMMUNITARIAN LEADER EDUCATOR

PUBLIC HEALTH
INDONESIAN NATIONAL QUALIFICATION FRAMEWORK

CORE COMPETENCIES AND

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Competency #1 Ability to Understand Health Problems & Situations

Ability to define health problems and situations Determine usability and limitation of (existing) variety of data Identify data sources accurately as a relevant source of information Ability to evaluate data integrity and comparability Ability to abide to principles of ethics in data collection and the use of information Ability to establish data inference, quantitatively & qualitatively Ability to evaluate existing data, in terms of risks and benefits Ability to apply skills in data collection processes, and using IT based information mgmt.

CORE COMPETENCIES AND

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Competency #2 Ability to develop health plan dan policy

Ability to collect, to sort and to interpret data and information related to healtjh problems Capable to establish health policy and appropriate solution to health problem Capable in describing health policy in health improvement implications, legal and administrative frameworks, and social political impacts Capable in determining level of feasibility and expected outputs of each policy option Capable to use new methods in health situation analysis and planning
Ability to make a decisive actions Ability to develop activity plan to implement health policy Ability to interprete and describe from policy to structures, management and programs

CORE COMPETENCIES AND

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Competency #3 Capability in establishing effective communication

Ability in communication skills either in-writings, oral or other means

Capable in asking inputs from others effectively

Capable in structuring advocacy activities Ability in leading and participating in (interdisciplibary) team to elaborate health issues and their solutions Capable in aplying and using media, communication technology and networks to spread health information Ability in deciding appropriate communication for effective solution Capbale in presenting accurate information on demographic characteristics, statistical data, health program and sicentific products to clients

CORE COMPETENCIES AND

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Competency #4 Ability to adapt local culture Capable to apply effective, sensitive method professionally to interact with others who have different cultural background

Capable to develop and adopt-adapt specific PH solutions that accommodate cultural differences Ability to understand social cultural dynamics that contribute to PH problems Ability to accept different background of health providers

CORE COMPETENCIES AND

Competency #5 Ability to empower community Capable to synergize community members interaction with different backgrounds Ability to identify social cultural background of healthcare behavior

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Ability to response to wide spectrum health interests as a part of cultural variety

Ability to identify community leaders and maintain warm effective relationship with them

Capable to apply group dynamics processes to improve community participation Capable to describe government roles in providing community empowered PH services
Capable to describe private sector roles in providing community empowered PH services

CORE COMPETENCIES AND

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Competency #6 Basic Public Health Skills Mastery Ability to identify individual and organizational responsibility in relation to basic PH services Ability to define, diagnose, and evaluate health status in a population, determine risk factors and other causes, and define health promotion and prevention solutions Ability to understand historical background, structures and dynamic interactive of PH system with other system Ability to identify and capable in applying basic research methods in PH program

CORE COMPETENCIES AND

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Competensy #6 (contd) Basic Public Health Skills Mastery Capable in applying group dynamics process for community participation Capable in applying PH sciences and knowledge, including social behavior applied science, chronic and infectious diseases, accident and disasters

Ability to identify research limitation, the importance of accurate observation and interrelationship concept

Ability in self interest and commitment for PH services and development by using critical thinking approach

CORE COMPETENCIES AND

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Competency #7 Financial Planning & Management Capable to develop and to present health budget and financing Capable to manage health program with limited budget Capable to apply budget process and procedures Capable in developing strategies for budget priorities Capable in monitoring financial andprogram performances Capable in developing program proposal for financial support from external sources Ability in appling human interrelationship skills, motivating others, and conflict resolution in organization Ability to negotiate many interests and establishing contract and documents in providing community based PH services

CORE COMPETENCIES AND

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Competency #8 Leadership skills and system thinking

Menciptakan kultur dari stardar etik di dalam organisasi dan komunitas

Membantu menciptakan nilai dasar dan visi bersama dan menggunakan prinsipprinsip ini dalam petunjuk pelaksanaan
Mengidentifikasi isu internal dan eksternal yang dapat berdampak terhadap penerapan pelayanan esensial kesehatan masyarakat (mis. Rencana strategis) Memfasilitasi kerjasama kelompok internal dan eksternal untuk menjamin partisipasi dari stakeholder kunci.

CORE COMPETENCIES AND

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Competency #8 (contd) Leadership skills and system thinking

Capable to contribute to the development, implementation and monitoring standardized organization performances Capable in applying law and regulation system and political mechanism to stimulate changes Ability to apply theories for organizational changes and professional practices development Capable in creating conducive environment to comply to ethical standards in organization and/or in community

2nd Domain:
Public Health Professions

Involvement

4-Capacitation in Health Knowledge Development

1-Capacitation in Policy & Programming

3-Capacitation in Health is Also Individual Responsibility

2-Alliance Capacitation

Global Opportunity
Knowl management & borderless networks Capacities & competency devt International funding Benchmarking Capacity building Standards Financial

Modif: Bachtiar 2009

Hlth & Devt Policy Communication

National Guidances
Governance
Stewardship

Provincial Deconcentration capacities Decentralization capacities

Health Policy Capacity
Predisposing
HRH Performance

Stewardship

Governance
Financial Capacity building

Hlth Mgtm capacity HRD capacity Financial capacity HIS & Knowl mgmt

Enabling

Reinforcing

Benchmarking

Media & nerworks

Standardization

1-Capacitation in Health Policy & Programming

2-Capacitattion in Health Alliances

6-Best Practices
& replications

1-Strong alliance
Civil soc & Govt

5-Implementation
with Involvement

Health Outcome Improvement

2-Health
Priorities

4-Synergy
Action Plam

3-Targets &
Programs

3-Capacitation in Self Reliance

Disadvantages Appraisals

Level of Participation
PH Skills

Health Problems Articulation

Advantages Appraisals

Participation Plan

Experiences Of Success

Self Reliance

Modified fr: Paton, McIver, Johnston, 2007

4-Capacitation in Health Knowledge Mgmt

Learning-KnowledgeInnovation
Global-Regional, Local Wisdom PH PROFESSION PUBLIC HEALTH KNOWLEDGE CREATION & PRESERVATION FOR BENEFIT OF ALL Health Technolgy
Tacit&embedded knowl Supply Health Outcomes

Demand

Opportu nity & Threats

PH services PH organizations

3.Knowl & Skills Development

Tacit KNOWLEDGE for: Innovation in PH Intervention Innovation in PH-programming Innovation in Healthy Life Styles
2.Health professions Mobilization

4.Sources for Health action

Health is POLITICS: Fiscal capacitation Resource mobilization Embedded PH knowl Healthy Public Policy
1.Strong Health Profession Inst.

Health System Capacitation: Health governance Health policy capacitation Programming & monev facilitation

SOLIDITY of the Professions Health Profession orgz existence Continuous standardization Accreditation Continuing Education

Adapted from Hughes-Tuohy 2003 & Hicks & Mishra 1993

3rd Domain:

Close Encounter With Health Users

Involvement of (end) Users Health professions competency development

Goals of Health Devt

Planning Devt Process

Implem & Monev

Direct Outputs

Health Outcomes (Indirect)

Expected benefits: -Health system capacitation -Evidence based -Health Improvement

Stakeholders involvement in each step

Close Encounters Means & Goal

A B

Effective knowledge production e.g. Publications Research targeting, capacity building and absorption
(i) better targeting of future research; (ii) development of research skills, personnel and overall research capacity; (iii) critical capability to utilise appropriately existing research, including that from overseas; (iv) staff development and educational benefits.

Informing policy and product development

(i) improved information bases on which to take political and executive decisions; (ii) informing product development.

Health and health sector benefits

(i) cost reduction in the delivery of existing services; (ii) quality improvements in the process of service delivery; (iii) increased effectiveness of services e.g. increased health; (iv) equity e.g. improved alloc of resources at an area level, better targeting and accessibility; (v) revenues gained from intellectual property rights.

Broader economic benefits

(i) wider economic benefits from commercial exploitation of innovations arising from R&D; (ii) economic benefits from a healthy workforce and reduction in working days lost.

All, start from being a scholar

Nyantri itu adalah
Pembentukan dan pengembangan manusia pembelajar yang diarahkan untuk menjadi anggota sekelompok masyarakat yg ingin tahu segala sesuatu dengan melakukan kegiatan pengkajian ilmiah secara orisinil untuk kebenaran yang teruji sesuai dengan metode ilmu pengetahuan

Responsible Scholar is..

Develop continuously intelectual integrity & capability to produce scientific products (5 domains)

Systematically prevent any wrong doing of academic integrity

Komunikasi Mhsw-ortu-PA Asesmen diri

Rencana diri menuju Sarjana & Profesi

Rencana Akademi & Menuju Pasar Kerja

Magang & Ekstrakurikuler Capaian akademik & perbaikan

Rencana Belajar Individual

Pengemb diri & sosial (ahlak)

Rencana Magang & Karir

Mahasiswa yang berdaya

Mgmt krisis

Mhsw & PA

Mahasiswa yang sukses

Fasilitasi Karir Bertahap

Atmosfir PT

Mgmt konflik

Rencana pembelajaran
Opsi2 pembelajaran

Akses informasi

Residensi & Pengemb skills

ACADEMIC INTEGRITY IS HIGH PRIORITY & SERIOUS BUSINESS (!)

WHY SERIOUS ?
Intelectuals are nations assets/ fundamental, and within their hands the rise and fall of of nation
DEDUCTION-INDUCTION CYCLE AS SCHOLAR: Disrespect to others Irresponsible & dishonest Unproductive & laziness Prejudice and hatred No empathy for helping each other

WHY SERIOUS ?
Intelectuals are nations MACRO LEVEL AND LONG TERM EFFECT: assets/ fundamental, Limited understanding of nature and within their hands Instant cultures & diminisihing justice the rise and fall of of Destruction of morality and the Nation nation

It begins from tiny miny small offense

Menerima dan/atau menggunakan pekerjaan orang lain dalam kegiatan uji-kemampuan diri sebagai calon intelektual Memberikan dan/atau mendorong orang lain menggunakan pekerjaan bukan miliknya dalam kegiatan PENELITIAN

ONE BIG SERIOUS ACADEMIC DISINTEGRITY IS

PLAGIARISM

PLAGIARISM

(Latin) Plagiarius = Penculik Stealing and using other peoples thoughts and speechs, as it is owned (Webster Dictionary)

THESES GUIDELINES

Plagiat adalah kegiatan pencurian karya intelektual, baik berupa ucapan, tulisan, maupun media lain ....

Pedomen Tesis FKMUI, 2010

An example from The Univ. Washington

Plagiarism is defined as the use of the words, ideas, diagrams, etc., of publicly available work without appropriately acknowledging the sources of these materials. This constitutes plagiarism whether it is intentional or unintentional and whether it is the work of another or of you.

3 TYPES PLAGIARISM

FORGERY-FABRICATION
Publikasi hasil riset, padahal milik orang lain Meminjam pekerjaan orang lain untuk mendapat nama

FORGERY-FABRICATION
Mengkopi materi yang telah diterbitkan termasuk dari internet Membeli makalah dari pedagang ilmu

Cut-and-Paste
Mengkombinasikan sana dan sini tanpa menyebutkan sumbernya Dan seringkali Nggak ngerti sendiri jadinya

Inappropriate Citations
Membuat kutipan .... tapi lupa(!) mengutip sumbernya Menuliskan sebagai Daftar Pustaka tetapi tidak ada hubungan dengan tulisan yg dibuat

Inappropriate Citations
Merubah alinea milik orang lain tetapi masih menggambarkan fikiran orang tersebut secara jelas, tetapi lupa menyebutkannya

CONTOH-CONTOH
Kelas Kakap Seluruh karya dicuri Kelas Teri (yang dibiarkan akan menjadi kelas kakap) Umumnya Bab Tinjauan Pustaka Lebih sering lagi: alinea yang dicuri

CONTOH ALINEA YG DICURI

Biaya pengadaan barang farmasi merupakan posisi terbesar dari biaya rutin.. dst. Burr W. Hupp (1969) menyimpulkan bahwa jika perusahaan tidak sukses dalam pengendalian persediaan, maka.. dst

CONTOH ALINEA YG DICURI

Si penulis ternyata tidak memiliki artikel Burr W Hupp (1969) Di dalam Daftar Pustaka tidak tercantum Burr W Hupp

Jadi, seharusnya?
Dalam perhitungan pembiayaan rumah sakit, salah satu yang penting diperhatikan adalah biaya rutin penyediaan logistik rumah sakit, karena besarnya biaya yang harus disediakan.. Burr W. Hupp (1969) seperti dikutip oleh X (1997) menyimpulkan bahwa manajemen rumah sakit akan berhasil dengan baik, bila mampu mengendalikan pengadaan logistik.

Apa hukuman pelanggaran?

Teguran terbuka (social punishment) Penilaian keprofesian

Apa hukuman pelanggaran?

Meneliti ulang Skors dalam profesinya Dipecat dari pekerjaannya Di anulir gelar akademik yang didapat

Expectations From The Future Leaders

HEALTH OUTCOME

Competitive Advantages

HEALTH PROFESSIONS SYNERGISM (ONE HEALTH)

EVIDENCE BASED PUBLIC HEALTH CARE

GLOBAL CULTURAL COMPETENCE

ABILITY FOR RESOURCE MOBILZATION COMMITMENT HEALTH IS RIGHTS

HRH MGMT SKILLS

YOUR GOAL(S)
Universities; Research Centers Consultants, Professional Practioners, Informal leaders PH FACILITATORS Govt, privates & Communities

KNOWLEDGE SUPPLIERS

DECISION-MAKERS

Knowledge is defined as a justified true belief that increases an entitys capacity for effective action (Nonaka 1994).

Softskills-Softskills-Softskills
Leadership

Akhlakul Kharimah
Indiv Behavior in Orgnz Inter-indiv behavior

Musa, Nadhoriyah As Suluk At Tandzimi min Mandhuril Islam, 1995

LEADERSHIP1
Fairness Leading walk the talk Visioner Honesty Responsible Intelligent/smart Orator/Communicator Knowledgable/transfering know-how
Madhi, Al Qiyadah Al Muatsiroh, 2002

LEADERSHIP2
Skillful manager Decisive Creating condusive working climate, i.e trust, warm, peaceful, outcome focus Caring interaction, i.e to subordinates, clients etc Empowering and participation Effective-efficient

Individual behavior
Ihlas because of Allah Self evaluation & correction Honesty Optimistic Taubat Managing Knowledge Humble

Inter-individual behavior

 Team work for the benefit of others (i.e., community) Amar maruf nahi munkar Empathy and caring Obey to the leader Not doing ghibah Prevent from SMS attitudes (hatred/dengki)

Musa, 1995; Luth, 2001, Tasmara, 1996; 2001

 Musyawarah Hard work for helping others Patience (for solving others problem) Continuous positive improvement High/best achievement orientation

Musa, 1995; Luth, 2001, Tasmara, 1996; 2001

 Self control Honesty Responsible Balance between hard work & achievement, with akhirat orientation Optimizing the works

Musa, 1995; Luth, 2001, Tasmara, 1996; 2001

 Professional Efective and efficient Creative Managing new knowledge Teamwork Serving others with IHLAS for service excellence

Musa, 1995; Luth, 2001, Tasmara, 1996; 2001

Closing Remarks

THE POWER OF WE
. .

Reflection

Dialogue
.

ACTION
.

ThankYou
Adapted fr: Freire, P. (1995) Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Continuum Publishing Co