Estimation of In-situ stress using Tunnel Deformation Measurements and Numerical Approach at CGT Ramp down, Gudang Handak

Mine, PT. Antam. Tbk, UBPE - Pongkor, West Java, Indonesia

Patrick Marcell FANDY1, Made Astawa RAI1 and Budi SULISTIANTO1 1Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung 40191, Indonesia

INTRODUCTION Ramp down is an underground mining access roadway towards ore deposit which its function is very important. Therefore, one of the most important subject in doing excavation activities or construction design is to understand the initial in-situ stress condition for determining support or rock mass reinforcement in Ramp down. In this research the in-situ stress magnitude is predicted from tunnel deformation measurement result using convergence measurement and then supported by trial & error back analyze using Phase2 2D numerical modelling software which is based on Finite Element Method (FEM). CONVERGENCE MEASUREMENT This study is located at CGT Ramp down as shown in Figure 1. Rock parameter at the study area is given in Table 1. Figure 2 and Figure 3 show the typical layout of convergence measurement and the type of measuring device used in this study, respectively. Convergence (Cn) is then calculated using Cn = l0 ln, where as l0 is the distance between 2 points at the time t0 and ln is the distance between 2 points at the time tn. Based on the tunnel deformation results, the maximum convergence of -13.10 mm occured at stations AB. Stations AC was found the convergence of -7.43 mm. Only station BC indicates the decrease in the size of the tunnel cross section, where the convergence was 5.48 mm (see Figure 4). In order to understand the condition of insitu stresses in the study area, vertical section model perpendicular to tunnel section of the CGT Ramp down is prepared (see Figure 5). By using this model and modulus elasticity of 6487.29 MPa (obtained from laboratory test), the calculation results reveal that a major principal stress (s1), a minor principal stress (s3) and a direction of major principal stress (q) are 1.79 Mpa, 0.33 Mpa and 820, respectively. The back analysis was performed for model in Figure 6 using trial and error method of different value of the modulus elasticiy, the major principal stress, the minor principal stress and the direction of principal stress until the displacement output close to the convergence measurement result. It is revealed that the optimum value of modulus elasticity, major principal stress and direction of principal stress are 1373.5 MPa , 1.79 MPa, 0 MPa and 82, respectively. The obtained modulus elasticity of rock mass is approximately 20 % of intact rock. The displacement output results for this initial condition at stations AB, AC and BC are - 0.18 mm, 0.68 mm and 0.27 mm.

Figure 4. Result of Relative Displacement Against Time DISCUSSION

Gudang Handak Mine Portal CGT Ramp down

4 meter

Displacement of The x-axis and Y-Axis is zero

CGT Ramp down L500, Gudang Handak Mine

4 meter

CGT Ramp down

Figure 1. Topography and Location of Research

Figure 2. Convergence Measurement Layout

Figure 5. Result of Stress Trajectories Modeling at Observed Location Figure 6. 2D Model of Ramp Down Tunnel

CONCLUSION
a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. Convergence eyebolt Swivel hook Tape Tape winder Barel adjuster LCD redout Tension indicator Tape clip Swivel hook

Figure 3. Digital Tape Extensometer Type E3 from Soil Instruments Ltd

From this study, the in-situ stresses produced by the back analysis are found similiar with the calculation results of vertical section. Therefore, it can be concluded that the convergence results can be used for predicting the in-situ stresses. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Author would like to thank the management of PT. Antam. Tbk, UBPE Pongkor, who have given permission to the author to conduct this study. The authors also thank the members of Geomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mining Engineering ITB. REFERENCES Brady, B.H.G. and Brown, E.T. , 1985, Rock Mechanics for Underground Mining, George Allen & Unwin, London Hoek, E., and Brown, E.T., 1980, Underground Excavations in Rock, The Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, London. Rocscience, 1998 2001, Phase2 Users Guide

Table 1. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Rocks at CGT Ramp down

Sample Code RD Uniaxial Compressive Strength test Type of Rock c E (MPa) (MPa) Tuff Lapili 33.22 6487.29 0.2 Triaxial Test c (MPa) 1.25 Density

(MPa) (ton/m3) 31.29 2.5

Note: c = Uniaxial compressive strength, E = Modulus of elasticity, = Poisson ratio, c = cohesion , = friction angle, = Rock density

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