INTRODUCTION TO CIVILIZATIONAL KNOWLEDGE (PENGENALAN ILMU KETAMADUNAN)

Why we learn this course?

Look at the world through different perspectives (Lihat dunia dari perspektif yang berbeza) Develop excellent personality and confidence (Bina personaliti dan jati diri unggul)

Analyze some contemporary issues(Analisa isu kontemporari)

Is there any clash of civilizations? ( Betulkah wujud pertembungan budaya?)

Inculcate universal values (Tanam nilai sejagat)

The way to live in multi cultural society (Cara ingin hidup dalam dunia yang 2

THE IMPORTANCE OF TITAS

Learning TITAS does not mean to focus on HISTORY , but it is to learn about aspects related to development of a civilization so we can practice and develop them... Belajar TITAS bukanlah bermakdud memfokuskan ke atas SEJARAH, tapi belajar tentang aspek-aspek yang membina tamadunan untuk kita mempraktikkannya dan memperkembangkannya
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Some of main questions related to civilizational study

a) What is civilization? Apakah tamadun?
b) What is the basis for understanding the definition and concepts of a civilization? Apakah yang menjadi landasan
dalam memahami pengertian dan konsep tamadun?

c) What are the measurement, values or indicators for determining the achievement of a civilization? Apakah
ukuran, nilai atau penanda aras bagi menentukan pencapaian ketamadunan bagi sesuatu tamadun?

2 CONCEPTS SHOULD BE KNOWN: 1) CIVILISATIONAL STUDY (PENGAJIAN KETAMADUNAN). 2) HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION (SEJARAH TAMADUN) .

1) CIVILISATIONAL STUDY: Related to theories, basic concepts and characteristics of a civilization. Pengajian ketamadunan ialah teori, konsep-konsep asas dan ciri-ciri
bagi sesebuah tamadun.

2) HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION (ITS BIOGRAPHY): related to its past experience from its development, emergence and collapse (its related to the study of the past). Sejarah tamadun (biografi tamadun) ialah
pengalaman yang dilalui oleh sesuatu tamadun daripada segi pencapaian, kemajuan dan kemundurannya atau ringkasnya kajian mengenai masa lampau.

1.2 DEFINITION FOR A CIVILIZATION

Current definition about the civilization: its about material achievement based on science & technology (S & T) as what been promoted by the Westerners. Perspektif semasa tamadun - kemajuan
kebendaan sesebuah masyarakat terutamanya dalam bidang sains dan teknologi (S&T) selari dengan penonjolannya dalam tamadun Barat

CIVILIZATION CONCEPTS
Civilization/ Tamadun/ Hadharah/Umran/Madaniyyah

A bundle of Achievement & Establishment in the aspects of

Tangible: Material/physical (building, structure, cities, facilities, food, science & technology, etc)

Intangible: Spiritual (Manner, Intellectual, behavior, feeling, ethics, culture, personality,etc)

OTHER DEFINITIONS ABOUT CIVILIZATION

1) Civilization = Latin word civitas means town (bandar) dan cities (kota). Therefore, civilization = the establishment of municipal (perbandaran) and cities (kota). 2) Tamaddun =Arabic word Maddana means: a) Manner/Moral/Ethics & Religiousity refinement.. b) The establishment of a city, town or residential
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Definition according to Scholars

a) Ibn Khaldun: Civilization = umran which refers to development & advancement of flourishing and prosperity of lives in the aspect of social, industrial & cultural organization. These include the needs of food, clothes, house facilities, etc b) M.A.Beg; Spiritual and material achievement occurred in a city. c) Will Durant: A social order that increase productivity, cultral, which consist of 4 elementseconomics resources, political system, moral traditions and arts. d) Arnold Toynbee: Social system which help people to increase productivity which consist of 4 elements economic materials, political system, knowledge, and arts.
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Definition according to Scholars (cont.)

e) Syed Qutb: Modernization which developed by social system, governance, economics, and cultural that based on Allahs jurisprudence and Islamic ethics (akhlak).

f) Oswald Spengler: Western Civilization emphasizes on materials which brings to modernization to the society. g) Albert Schwetzer: Modernization that complement spiritual enhancement
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1.3. RELIGION AND CIVILIZATION

A civilization could not be seperated from religion? religion is the one which defines about the life for an individual/ a society whereby it effects are related to human life.
Tamadun tidak dapat dipisahkah dari agama? - agama berperanan membentuk pandangan semesta seseorang dan sesebuah masyarakat serta perilaku tindakan mereka dalam kehidupan

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a) Toynbee -- in the course if its evolution, a civilisation

produced, among other things, a universal state and higher form of religion. b) Thomas Berry -- Oriental civilisation such China and India which could not be exactly understood unless with referring to the greatest religions in Asia.

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c) Edward Sullivan - Muslim civilisation was the product of Muslim religion.

d) Ali Shariati pula - Islam is the main factor for development in Islamic civilization.

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1.5 RELATIONSHIP OF CIVILIZATION WITH HUMAN CULTURE

A CIVILIZATION is very related to the history and tradition/ culture of a place.

Tamadun mempunyai pertalian rapat dengan sejarah dan tradisi/ budaya kawasa geografi tertentu

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1.6 CIVILIZATION PROCESS

a) From uncivilized to civilized nation. Proses

yang dilalui oleh sesuatu masyarakat daripada tidak bertamadun (uncivilized) kepada bertamadun (civilized).

b) From simple society to complex society.

Masyarakat simpel mudah (simple society) kepada masyarakat kompleks (complex society).

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1.6 CHARACTERISTICS OF A CIVILIZATION

1)Building & Structures: Ibn. Khaldun said civilization as social & cultural organization, hadharah, Urbanization with clean air, enough food, sources of food, development, sewerage and irrigation.
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2) Language & Writing : For the purpose of interaction and communication to disseminate the information and ideas
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3) Land (specific area): a society with 5,000 people living in one place, having a written language and monument
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4) Needs:
Social order,Social development, clean air, enough food (sources of food), sewerage and irrigation. There are 3 levels of human needs in Islm, i.e. Daruriyyat, Hajiyyat & 19 Tahsiniyaat.

5) Social & community Institution: Social organization based on status, hierarchy and races such elite (landlord) group & servant group, privilege
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6) Religion:
Doctrine to Guide: holy book, recognized teaching brought by a recognized prophet send by God, man as vicegerent on earth, mortality of creation

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Prime Minister Office Complex

7) Governance system: Start from the family context, social, states, nations in order to manage & coordinate human needs and responsibility. It also includes the form of legislative, civil services, council, police, military,
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8) Arts & Culture: the symbol of life cohesiveness and group membership as a way of life and entertainment
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9) Economy: The transaction of items for the life survival and upgrade the lifestyle and needs.
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10) Science & Technology: the innovative and creative product in various field such agriculture, transportation, etc
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11) Education: Character building, knowledge based society, inner transformation, realizing the reality of men & life)
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12) Family institution (cooperation among family members, living together, guide by local rules and values)
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13) Development ( Based on morality, justice, & ownership )

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14) Sovereignty Ethics and morality as foundation for nation stability

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1.7. Factors of Emergence of Civilization

Positive Influences

Depressing distress Experience

Religious boost

Strategic Geographical areas

Appreciation of Moral Values30

a. Stategic location for a settlement whereby there are natural resources could be found for their living.
Kedudukan strategik sesebuah penempatan masyarakat memperoleh sumbersumber semula jadi untuk kelangsungan kehidupan.

b. Religion and spiritual boost. Rangsangan keagamaan dan

kerohanian.

c. Application of high moral and values among the leaders and society. Penghayatan yang tinggi terhadap
moral dan nilai terpuji oleh pemimpin dan masyarakatnya.

d. Depressing stress of life faced by a nation. Kesengsaraan hidup yang dialami oleh sesebuah masyarakat.
e. Mutual tolerance to other civilizations. Toleransi
yang tinggi terhadap sumbangan tamadun-tamadun yang lain.
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1.8. Falling factors of Civilization

Closed mindedness to improvement and changes

Obvious differences between wealthy communities from deprived people

Moral Decay among Leaders

Depression and abundance of human rights

Natural Disaster
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Topic Review Assignment:

Discuss some factors that might bring natural disaster to the world.
See topic: Bencana: ujian atau hukuman Allh SWT? (Book: Asar Abdul Karim. (2007). Cintakan Allh SWT: Satu Realiti, Kota Bharu, Kelantan: Pustaka Aman Press. Sdn. Bhd, 4200-A, Simpang Tiga Telipot, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 15700 Kota Bharu. ISBN 978-983867-265-8) *This book is available at UMP library.

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Students Centred Learning activity: The collapse of a civilization is like a life wheel. In the first stage it would be in good condition heading to the excellence, but at the final it will decrease gradually with such wealthiness and corruption? Discuss about this statement .
Kemerosotan sesebuah tamadun adalah putaran hidup. Pada peringkat permulaan ia berjaya kerana nilai-nilai baik, tetapi selepas mencapai kejayaan, nilai-nilai tersebut merosot kerana limpahan kemewahan dan penyelewengan? Bincangkan.
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Based on history, a civilization could collapse based on these factors: a. Unjust happens such as the oobvious differences

between wealthy communities from deprived people. Berlakunya ketidakadilan dengan wujudnya jurang perbezaan yang begitu
ketara antara golongan kaya dengan miskin.

b.Depression and abundance of human rights.

Berleluasanya penindasan dan kezaliman sehingga persoalan hak-hak kemanusiaan diketepikan sama sekali.

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c) Moral decay prevails among society especially their leaders. Keruntuhan moral dan nilai dalam masyarakat terutama di kalangan
pemimpin. Musnahnya penghayatan terhadap budi pekerti yang murni dan mulia

narrow mindedness to positive improvement or changes. Sikap

tertutup - tidak menerima perubahan terutamanya dari segi perubahan teknologi atau perubahan dalam struktur politik, ekonomi dan sosial. Merencatkan daya kreativiti dan inovasi sesebuah masyarakat dan seterusnya menyebabkan mereka berada dalam keadaan yang beku atau jumud berpanjangan.

d) Closed/

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Students Homework
1)How to develop a person to be civilized in Individual, Family, Society and Nation scope?. (SCL & Group Discussion).

2) Please describes the characteristics of Civilized Person according to your religious belief.

TOOLS TO BE CIVILIZED PERSON

IN LIFE (World & Hereafter)

EXCELLENCE
ATTITUDE & ETHICS

KNOWLEDGE

SKILLS & EXPERTISE

EXPERIENCES

HUMAN BEING

INTELLIGENT PERSON

TOWERING PERSONALITY
Intelligence Quotient (IQ) Emotional Quotient (EQ)

Spiritual Quotient (SQ)

Human Being

Adversity Quotient (AQ)

Sternberg (1997), Goleman (1995), Ary Ginanjar (2001), Stoltz, IQ only constitutes 10-20% for ones success, the rest are for EQ, SQ & AQ.

1.9 SIMILARITIES & DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CIVILIZATIONS

Characteristics for the similarities and differences between civilizations could be seen in the context of THEOLOGY and ETHICS.
Ciri-ciri perbezaan dan persamaan antara tamadun boleh dilihat terutamanya dalam konteks teologi dan etika.

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1.9 CIVILIZATIONAL INTERACTION

Within its cultural scope (Dalam Lingkungan Budaya Yang Sama) Within its different cultural scope (Interaksi Dengan Budaya Yang Berbeza) Interaction with the dominant culture (Interaksi Antara Peradaban Yang Dominan Dengan Yang Tidak Dominan)

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1.10 CIVILIZATIONAL DIALOGUE

a) b)

Its definition How to inculcate it, especially in Malaysia? a)Dialogue in daily life aspects b)Dialogue in societal matters c)Principles for the Civilizational Dialogue d)Problems faced by the dialogue.

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CIVILIZATIONAL DIALOGUE situation in Malaysia and the world

United Nation resolution 53/22 states that 2001 is the Civilizational Dialogue for the world. Resolusi perhimpunan agung Bangsa Bangsa Bersatu 53/22
yang telah mengisytiharkan tahun 2001 sebagai Tahun Dialog Antara Peradaban Sedunia

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CONCLUSION

a) All etnics in Malaysia and the world should stand on the universal values and promote them. b) The civilizational study is a very important thing to be highlighted in nowadays.
c) In Malaysia, civilizational dialogue is a MUST for the continuation of Malaysian civilization. Di Malaysia dialog
peradaban amat perlu sebagai wahana bagi kesinambungan tamadun Malaysia

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d) The dialogue is very important to develop basic spiritual values in sustaining the development of the physical aspects without neglecting the need to develop human since human is the core thing for all developments
Dialog penting untuk membina tapak asas nilai spiritual yang kukuh bagi memastikan pembangunan material yang pantas dengan tidak meminggirkan keperluan pembangunan insan yang merupakan tujuan akhir segala pembangunan material-fizikal tersebut

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IN SHORT
Civilization is the achievement and development in the aspects of the thought, intellect, ethics and behaviours that constitutes human personality. Tamadun adalah pencapaian, perkembangan/ pembangunan dalam aspek
pemikiran, intelek, etika, dan ikap yang membentuk jati diri manusia.

Aspects: - Perception - Behaviours i.e. Good moral behaviours akhlak.

Fields: - Politic - Economy -Social -Science & Tecnology - etc

Objective: Towering personalities

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Any Reminder / Debriefing about the topic in Topic 1

THANK YOU TERIMA KASIH

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