Taiwan NTUT - Emerging Technology Development For Multimedia Communications - 11!13!2006

Emerging Technology Development for Multimedia Communications
John Pang Yu Ph. D. Managing Director The Emerging Technologies Cooperative, Inc. Menlo Park, California USA National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
John P. Yu November 13, 2006 Slide 1 of 48 Confidential
Table of Contents (Continued)
DCoIP Device and System Developers Existing and Proposed Standards Quality of Services Technical Advancements DCoIP Market Trends DCoIP Challenges References
John P. Yu November 13, 2006
Slide 3 of 48 Confidential
Introduction To Conventional Communication Technological Concepts

Transmission Line Loss, Echoes, Delay, Gain Insertion Loss, Impedance Matching, Crosstalk, Return Loss Signal Bandwidth and Noise Measurement Differential Gain and Differential Phase (non-linearity of a two-port system) X.25 Seven Layer Protocol: Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link and Physical Modulation:
Amplitude-Modulated Signals: Double-Sideband with Transmitter Carrier; Double-Sideband with Suppressed Carrier; Single-Sideband with Transmitter Carrier.
Introduction To Conventional Communication Technological Concepts (Continued)

Modulation: Amplitude-Modulated Signals: Vestigial-Sideband with Transmitter Carrier (TV RF Signal) Angle-Modulated Signals; Pulse Amplitude Modulation; Pulse Duration Modulation; Pulse Code Modulation; FrequencyModulated Signals; Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Multiplexing: Space Division Multiplex (SDM); Frequency Division Multiplex; Time-Domain Multiplex (TDM); Wavelength Division Multiplex (WDM); Digital Subscriber Loop (DSL) Access Multiplex (DSLAMs)
Some Data Communication Interface Standards
Committee Consulting International Telephone and Telegraph (CCITT) Electronic Industrial Association (EIA): RS-232-C, RS-422, RS-485 PSTN, ISDN, DSL, DSLAM, T1 (DS-1: 1.544 Mbps), E1 (2.048 Mbps), OC-1 (STS-1: 51.84 Mbps) T.38: Voice, Data and Fax over Different Telephone Lines Loop Start Interface (LSI: analog PSTN)
Interactive Video Display System
A Bi-Directional Interactive Data Communication Systems Via MODEM and Telephone Line Image Plans and video Graphic Mode Texts and Graphics Mixed Mode Video Graphics and Texts Display Processors in A Digital Format Information Retrieval Between Video Display Terminal and Terminal Information Retrieval Between Video Display Terminal and Database (Information Provider) A Bi-Directional Interactive Data Communication System Via RF MODEM and Cable
Worldwide Video Standards

NTSC Line / Field H. Frequency V. Frequency Color Subcarrier Sound Carrier Video Bandwidth (Y) Video Component 525 / 60 15.734 KHz 59.94 Hz 3.579545 MHz 4.5 MHz (FM) 4.2 MHZ R G B Or Y I Q or Y B-Y R-Y 2 : 1 30 4 : 3 Slide 8 of 48 Confidential PAL 625 / 50 15.625 KHz 50 Hz 4.433618 MHz 6.0 MHz (FM) 5.5 MHz R G B Or YUV 2 : 1 25 4 : 3 SECAM 819 / 50 E Mono 625 / 50 L Color 20.745 KHz E 15.625 KHZ L 50 Hz E & L 4.40625 MHz OR 4.25000 MHz OB 6.5 MHz (AM) L 10 MHz E 6.0 MHz L R G B Or YUV 2 : 1 25 4 : 3
Interlaced Frames / Second Aspect Ratio John P. Yu November 13, 2006
Proposed HDTV Standards
Japan Line / Field H. Frequency V. Frequency Video Bandwidth (Y) Chrominance BW (B-Y) Chrominance BW (R-Y) Interlaced Frames / Second Aspect Ratio
USA 1050 / 59.94 31.468 KHz 59.94 Hz 50 Hz 40 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 2 : 1 30 16 : 9
Europe 1152 / 50 31.25 KHz
1125 / 60 33.7495 KHz 60 Hz 30 MHz 15 MHz 15 MHz 2 : 1 30 16 : 9

2 : 1 25 16 : 9
Telecommunications Digital Transmission Hierarch Highlights

Digital Signal DS-0 DS-1 DS-2 Optical Transmit Electrical Transmit E0 /J0 T1 /J1 E1 T2 E2 E3 T3 STS-1 E4 STS-3 STS-9 STS-12 STS-24 STS-96 Line Bit Rate 64 Kbps Effective # DS0s in Data Rate Payload 64 Kbps 1 #DS1s in Payload #DS3s Others SDH in Payload Level
DS-3 OC-1 OC-3 DS-4 OC-9 OC-12 OC-24 OC-96 OC-256 OC-768 John P. Yu November 13, 2006
1.544 Mbps 1.536 Mbps 24 2.048 32 6.312 96 8.448 128 34.368 512 44.736 672 51.84 50 672 139.264 2048 155.52 150 2016 274.176 4032 466.56 451 6048 622.08 601 8064 1.244 Gbps 1.20 Gbps 16128 4.976 4.81 64512 13.271 172032 39.813 516096 Slide 10 of 48 Confidential
1 4
28 28 84 168 252 336 672 2688 7168
1 1 3 6 9 12 24 96 256 STM-1 STM-3 STM-4 STM-8 STM-32
4 OC-3
Introduction to Digital Contents over IP
The Adoption and Implementation of Digital Content over IP Can be Justified by the Following: Increasing Voice/Data/Video Convergence IP is Now the Common Protocol; RSVP Protocol for Bandwidth Reservation and RTP Protocol for Detecting Missing Packets to Improve Quality of Services Packetized Compressed Voice Has Shown Cost-Effective Solutions (High-Class Coding Algorithms) Intranets and Extranets are Growing Rapidly Voice Over Frame Relay is Being Successfully Deployed in Major Corporate Network The Rapid Growth of Digital Multimedia Contents in Internet
DCoIP Network Topology
Gatekeeper
IP Network Connection PSTN to VoIP VoIP to PSTN Gateway IP Network Connection IP Network IP Network Connection PSTN to VoIP VoIP to PSTN Gateway
Phone Line
Phone Line
PSTN
Phone Line
PSTN
Phone Line
Equipment to Bridge the Circuit-Switched Network and Packet-Switched Network

Router H.323 EndPoints H.323 MCS with gateway H.323 EndPoints
Router H.323 EndPoints ISDN POTS H.323 EndPoint
Telephone Circuit Switched Network INTERNET
Firewall & H.323 proxy H.323 Gatekeeper
H.323 MCS with gateway
H.323 EndPoint
H.323 ITU Terminals
H.323
H.320 ISDN H.324 PSTN
Circuit Switched Network Gateway
H.323 Internet
H.323 Terminals
H.323 Zone
H.323
GateKeeper MCU H.323 H.323 Terminals
Major Entities in an H.32X Environment: H.323 Terminals, Gateways, Gatekeepers and MCUs.
Circuit-Switched Network
Characteristics - Constant Bit Rate; Full Bandwidth After Call Setup; Low Latency, Constant Delay; Incremental Bandwidth Available (Add B Channels) Protocols - ISDN, Robbed Bit Signaling Medium - T1 / Fractional T1, DDS at 56 kbps Lines Addressing Schemes - Use Phone Numbers; Statically Assigned; Public Directory Assistance if Unknown H.320 Terminals Intended for Voice Transmission Data Transmission Using Modems High Quality connections Low Delay, High Reliability, full Duplex 56 / 64 Kbps Channels Basis for Toll Quality
Packet-Switched Network
Characteristics - Burst Mode; Variable Bit Rate; Variable Latency and Variable Delay; Non-Guaranteed Quality of Services in Current Network Topologies; Incremental Bandwidth Quickly Becoming More Available Protocols - TCP/IP, IPCP (Internet Protocol Control Protocol), DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Medium - Ethernet, Frame Relay, ATM Networks and TCP/IP Transport H.323 Terminals Addressing Schemes - IP Address; Static or Dynamic Assignment; Directory Servers - Maintain User IP Address by Name or Alias; IP Address Can Change Depending on Your Location
Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)
New Version of Internet Protocol Used 128-Bit Address and Allow Embedding IEEE 802 Address Flow Label to Identify Real Time and Special Handling Traffic Increased Scalability for Network Architectures Improved Security and Data Integrity Autoconfiguration Multicast Support Standardized
IPv4 vs IPv6
Address space increased from 32 bits to 128

IPv4 has about 4 Billion addresses (US, Europe, rest of the world) IPv6 has about 2^128 = 3.4 X 10 ^ 38 addresses
Approx. 665 X 10 ^21 addresses per sq.m of the earth surface
IPv6 has built in IP security (IPsecurity is part of IPv6) IPv6 has fixed length header.
Optimized for hardware implementation
IPv6 has improved support for QoS, Multicast and Mobile IP IPv6 has support for domestic appliances Government (DOD 2008), University and Industry lead initiatives
IPv6 Partners
IPv6 Partners (Continued)
IPv6 Partners (Continued)
Major System Components
Terminals Bi-Directional Real-Time Communication for the User Enable Voice Connections, Video and Data Communication are Optional Supporting H.245 for Describing the Negotiation of the Appropriate or Required Terminal Functionality Gateways Translate Between Physical Media, Network Protocols, Conferencing Protocols and Addressing Translate Between Different Audio or Video Codes in Real Time, Allow H.320 Endpoints to Use T.120 Conferencing Effectively Support Voice Over IP and Multimedia Conferencing
Major System Components (Continued)

Locate at Multimedia Conference Servers, Stand-Alone Equipment, Network Servers, Routers, Remote Access Servers, Multimedia PBX, Network Services Authorization and Authentication Serve Conferences Interoperability Between H.320 and H.323 Endpoints Complying With Different ITU Standards, Diverse Network Transport, Diverse Audio or Video Codecs Connect Incompatible Devices by Device Emulation at the Network Level; a Good Gateway is Invisible Just Like the Gateway Embedded in the Telephone Network A media gateway provides translation of protocols for call setup and release, conversion of media formats between different networks: Transfer of information between H.323 and SIP networks on an IP Network Translation between transmission formats and communication signals and procedures (e.g. between IP and PSTN) Passes call signaling not applicable to the media gateway through to the network endpoint (e.g. supplemental services such as call forwarding) Performs call setup and clearing on both sides Translates between encoding formats
Gatekeepers An Optional Element of H.323 Link Endpoints Directly to Gatekeepers Reside Anywhere in H.323 Network Entities or Run as Server Application Do Bandwidth and Resource Management, Access Control, Endpoint Registration, Zone Definition, Enhanced Call Control and Address Translation Platform Independent An Embedded Component in Hardware Building Block Gatekeeper "Engine" Software Development Application
Multipoint Control Units Provide Audio Bridge With Value-Added Video Multipoint Capabilities, Unattended Operation, Full Audio Mixing With Advanced Techniques for High Quality Compressed Speech Support Multicast and Unicast Sessions
DCoIP Device and System Developers
Lucent, Cisco, Nortel Networks, Ericsson, HP, Intel, Deutsche Telecom, Madge, Micom, NetManage, Netscape, Netspeak, Rockwell, Siemens, VCON, VocalTec, White Pine Siemens - First Equipment Vendor to Provide a Complete Global System Solution That Meets the Needs of New and Existing Service Providers for IP Telephony AT&T Deployed VoIP by Installing Clarent Gateways at 38 Locations (10 Domestics, and 28 Throughout the World), Two Gatekeepers - Getting Comparable Voice Quality to the PSTN and Getting Savings Up to 50 % Netphone Services is Gaining Popularity Because Rates are 60 % Lower Than Ordinary Phone Charges
DCoIP Device and System Developers (Continued)
Sprint to Trial Net2phone Services for International Calls Deploying Voice Over IP for Asian Countries to Assist Customer Inquires in Mandarin, Cantonese and Korean Cisco to Plan to Acquire UK-Based Internet Telephone Firm Calista ($55 Million in Stock) Cisco to Introduce a Voice Module in 1997 for Their 3600 Series Routers for Interfacing Voice, Fax, and Data Across Existing Data Infrastructures to Reduce Costs by Routing Phone and Fax Traffic Over the IP Network Instead of PSTN Analog Devices Announced First T1-on-a-Chip (ADSP21mod980) for Data and Voice Over IP Which Can be Configured Any Port for Any Protocol

Lucent Developed Clear Presence Audio Coder Analternative to the ITU G.722 Wideband Speech Coding Standard (16, 24 and 32 kbps for Videoconferencing and Telephony) at 48, 56 and 64 kbps Netspeak - WebPhone H.323 DSP Group Developed VoIP Co-processor (CT8022 DSP) Complying With ITU-T Standards G.723.1 and G.729A+B (8 kbps) VocalTec - Internet Phone Microsoft - MetMeeting H.323 Intel - Internet Video Phone H.323 White Pine - CU-SeeMe H.323
Nortel Networks Developed Call-Waiting to Allow Home-Based Web Surfers to Act Upon Incoming Calls Without Interrupting Their Internet Connection Lucent, Stinger (Internet Service Provider) and Local Phone Company Can Offer DSL Service - High Speed Video, Data and Voice Sent Over Traditional Phone Lines With 30 Times Faster Than Traditional Phone Service Without Compromising the QoS Shomiti Systems Introduced New VoIP Product, Multi QoS Parameters, Tested H.323 Family of Protocols Selsius (Acquired by Cisco) Developed an Ethernet Telephone for Connecting to an IP-Based PBX Touchwave Developed a PBX System Connecting to IP LAN/WAN Vienna Systems Developed an Ethernet Telephone Connecting to the IP Network
Existing and Proposed Standards

Network ISDN PSTN Packetswitched H.323 B-ISDN (ATM) H.321 Ethernet IEEE802.9 H.322
Multimedia Standard Audio/voice
H.320
H.324
G.711 (M) G.722 G.728
G.723.1 (M) G.729
Audio rates, Kbps
64 48-64 16
5.3-6.3 8
Video Data * Multiplex Control Signaling
H.261 (M) T.120 H.221 (M) H.242 (M) Q.931
T.120 T.120 T.120 H.225.0 (M) H.221 (M) H.221 (M) H.245 (M) H.242 (M) H.242 (M) H.225.0 Q.931 Q.931 (Q.931) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ (M) = Mandatory * for example, Whiteboarding application
H.261 (M) H.263 T.120 H.223 (M) H.245 (M) _
G.711 (M) G.722 G.728 G.723.1 G.729 64 48-64 16 5.3-6.3 8 H.261 (M)
G.711 (M) G.722 G.728
G.711 (M) G.722 G.728
64 48-64 16 H.261 (M)
64 48-64 16 H.261 (M)
Video Compression Techniques

Type Compression (CODEC) Rate Formats Application
H.261
H.263
p x 64Kbit/s (p is in the range 1-30).

20-30kbps and above
QCIF, CIF
QCIF, CIF SQCIF, 4CIF 16CIF. SQCIF
PSTN, PSDN
PSTN, PSDN, Video Conferencing, Video Telephony
H.264
Less than 1 Mb/s
MPEG-4 AVC
Internet Protocolbased broadcastquality video

broadcast quality video Digital television, Interactive graphics applications, Interactive multimedia
MPEG 2 IS-13818 MPEG4 'ISO/IEC 14496'
4 Mbps or higher Less than 1.15Mb/s
Progressive coding MPEG-4
Existing and Proposed Standards (Continued)

H.323 Protocol Stack
H.323 Entities include Terminals, Gateways, Gatekeepers and Multipoint Control Unit; APIs; Object and Source Code; Version 2 to Include H.450 and H.235. H.323 Version 2 Provides the Following: Compression Schemes, Real Security Measures, Improved Signaling, QoS, and Improved Resource Management. H.323 Enlists a Number of Other Protocols for Interoperability as Follows:
G.711, G.722, G.728, G.723.1, G.729 for Codec at the Presentation Layer (OSI model) Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) at the Transport Layer Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) at the Network Layer Real-Time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP) H.225 for Standard Call Setup Sequences / Packet Synchronization H.245 Specifies Messages for Opening and Closing Channels for Media Streams, and Other Commands, Requests and Indications at the Session Layer H.261 for Video Codec for Audiovisual at P x 64 kbps H.263 for a New Codec for Video Over PSTN T.120 Series of Multimedia Communications Protocol T.38 for Real-Time Fax; Procedures for Real Time Group 3 Facsimile Communication Between Terminals Using IP Networks
IP Protocols H.323, SIP, MGCP, Megaco/H.248
H.323
IP communications protocol for real-time voice and video over IP. Includes core protocol and gatekeeper toolkits. International Telecommunications Union (ITU) recommendation for audio, video, and data communications across IP-based networks.
SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)

Signaling protocol for establishing real-time calls and conferences over IP networks. SIP is an IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) Protocol.
MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol)

A complementary IETF protocol to H.323 and SIP Defines the communication procedures for a Media Gateway Controller to provide instructions and to gather information from Media Gateways
Megaco/H.248 (Media Gateway Control)

Similar to MGCP, jointly defined by the IETF and ITU-T SG-16 Gradually replacing MGCP Megaco renamed GCP (Gateway Control Protocol) -- RFC 3525
RTP / RTCP
Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP)

Provides end-to-end delivery services of real-time Audio (G.711, G.723.1, G.728, etc.) and Video (H.261, H.263), Data is transported via the user datagram protocol (UDP). RTP provides payload-type identification, sequence numbering, time stamping, and delivery monitoring. UDP provides multiplexing and checksum services. RTP can be used with other transport protocols.
Real-Time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)

Counterpart of RTP that provides control services Primary function of RTCP is to provide feedback on the quality of the data distribution RTCP-XR Carries transport-level identifier for an RTP source
Used by receivers to synchronize audio and video.
Existing and Proposed Standards (Continued)

ITU-T Speech Coding Standards Standards Description
G.711 64 kbps PCM (Both A-Law and u-Law) (1988) G.722 Wideband Vocoder Operating at 64, 56, or 48 kbps G.726 ADPCM Vocoder Recommendation That Folds G.721 and G.723 G.727 Embedded ADPCM Operating at 40, 32, 24, or 16 kbps G.728 16-kbps Low-Delay Code-Excited Linear Prediction Vocoder (LD-CELP) G.729 8-kbps Conjugate-Structure Algebraic-Code-Excited Linear Prediction (CS-ACELP) G.729A Annex A: Reduced Complexity 8 kbps CS-ACELP Speech Code G.723.1 Low-Bit-Rate Vocoder for Multimedia Communications Operating at 6.3 and 5.3 kbps (1996)
Quality of Services QoS

Technical Constraints Latency is the Most Technical Problem Over Internet Telephony: by Delay, Delay Variance (or Jitter), Asymmetrical Delay, and Unpredictable Delay Twenty (20) ms Coast-to-Coast Delay in the U.S. : Mostly Not Noticeable Fifty (50) ms Delay is Noticeable 250 ms Delay by the Satellites - Conversation Becomes Difficult 350 ms Delay Over the Public Internet From Encoding and Packetizing at Both Ends of the Call Standard Half-Duplex Sound Card: Amateur Radio Conversation Quality Latency is Dependent on Lost a Packet (30 ms) or Packets, Packet Size, Buffer Size, Speaker Behavior Parameter, Protocol Application, Frame Delay, Speech Process Delay, Bridging Delay, PC Too Overloaded to Run Vocoder, and Protocol Limitations
Quality of Services (Continued)

Performance Evaluations:
Delay 200 Milliseconds From a Private IP Network With Good Encoding and Excellent DSP Technologies Laboratory Demonstrations to Analyze Voice Quality With 100 ms, 150 ms, 200 ms, and 250 ms Latency With the Following Setups: 1. Workstation-to-Workstation Using the Gatekeeper 2. Workstation-to-Phone Using the Cisco 3620 as a H.323 Gateway 3. Phone-to-Phone Using Netrix 2210 and Cisco 3620 for Calls Connections Through IP Network
Effect of Delay on Voice Quality

> 25ms Echo Cancellation Required
<150 ms (with echo cancellation): acceptable 150-400 ms: acceptable if delay expected
Technical Advancements
Resource ReserVation Protocol (RSVP) - It is a Receiver-Driven and up to the Receiver to Select Which Source to Receive and Amount of Bandwidth to be Reserved or Paid for Parallel IP Networks - Different Bandwidth Allocations for Data and Multimedia by Virtual or Physical Packet Networks Take on Circuit Networks Parallel or Overlay Networks are Being Built to Support Real-time Multimedia Traffic Todays DSP Delivers More Than 15 Times the Price/Performance of Its Predecessors Ten Years Ago, Providing 100 MIPS or Faster for Voice and Video Compression and Thus Reducing Latency
VoIP Market Trends

300
250
250
200
Percent of 150 Overall WAN T raffic

100 100 107 115
128 121 106
135
IP Voice
58 50 23 10 2 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
YEARS
Source: The Yankee Group
Voice vs IP Growth
VoIP Market Trends

90
80
81.7
70
60 50 47.4 40 30 25 20 11.7 10 0.1 0 1997 1998 1999 0.48 3.6
Minutes (in Billions)
2000
2001
YEARS
2002
2003
Voice Minutes Over IP by Year

Source: The Yankee Group, 1997
DCoIP Market Trends

30 30
25
20 16
19
19
Percent of 15 Respondents
10
13
8 6 5 3 6
Internet Intranet Frame Relay ATM
VSAN: Voice Services Over Alternate Networks
0 1-5 5-10 Greater than 10
Percent of T raffic over VSANs
How Much Voice Traffic Will Migrate to VSANs Over the Next Five Years ?
DCoIP Market Trends
Too Unreliable
Not Secure Enough Strongly Disagree Somewhat Disagree Neither Agree nor Disagree Somewhat Agree Strongly Agree
Poor Voice Quality
Lack of Standards
No Significant Cost Savings 0% 50% 100%
Percentage of Respondents
User Perceptions of Voice over the Internet

DCoIP Market Trends

More IP-Based Services - Proxy Services for H.323 More Security Features - Encryption for Conference Security, IP Security (IETF Standard) More Network Interfaces - ATM, Frame Relay, Direct Dial IP Over ISDN VoIP Market Potential - $560 Million for IT User in 1999, 34 % of Telephone Calls Carried on Packet Networks by 2005 EURO IP Telephone Market Worth $3.9 Billion by 2003 Per Dataquest Asias E-Commerce: Jumping to $40 Billion in 2003; Jump 100 % Annually The VoIP Market Revenues at $290 Million in 1999 and Predict Only $1.8 Billion in Sales in 2003 U.S. Unified Messaging Market for Business: $175 Million (1997 - 1998) and Lucent had 24 % Market Share Per Frost & Sullivans Report Real Value of VoIP is Its Ability to Integrate Voice and Data for Multimedia Applications, Not Just A Low Cost Alternate to PSTN
DCoIP Challenges
Getting Telcos up to Speed With New Technology and Willingness to Stick Around the Existing PBXs and VoIP Setting H.323, H.100 / H.110 Standards Quality of Services (QoS) Latency Problem (Delay) Advanced Voice Compression Techniques According to the Yankee Group: 83 % of Respondents Indicated That Performance Guarantees Are A Prime Requirement for Voice Over Alternate Networks 50 % of Respondents Indicated That Gateway Traffic Repots Should be Capable of Providing the Necessary Call Detail Records and Other Specified Traffic Data
References
Voice Over IP; Uyless Black, Prentice Hall, 1999 Voice Over Data Network; Gilbert Held, McGraw-Hill, 1998 Compact PCI, Computer Telephony Specification, January, 1998 Spectral Compatibility of Digital Subscriber Line (DSL System Tutorial, August, 2000) Transmission Systems for Communications, Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., Fourth Edition, February 1970 Communication Systems, B. P. Lathi, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1968 Engineering and Operations in the Bell system, Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. 1978
References (Continued)
Solutions to Problems in Modulation Theory, by Harold S. Black, Van Nostrand 1953 How to choose the Right Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (1525 to 1570 nm) Interactive Video Display Systems, by John P. Yu 1982 Worldwide Video Standards, Bell Telephone Laboratories, by John P. Yu 1980 Technical Aspects of Data Communications, by John E. McNamara, Digital Equipment Corporation 1978 Bell system Technical Reference - Switched Network Transaction Telephone System, Pub 41804
References (Continued)
Voice Over Whatever: Internet, IP, Frame Relay, and ATM Find Their Voice; Telecommunications Planning Service, The Yankee Group, December 1997 VoIP: The Opportunity Why You Should Become An ITSP, Internet Telephony, July, 1999 Internet Technology Focus; August, September & October 1999 Lucent Website - http://www.lucent.com Cisco Website - http:// www.cisco.com Dialogic Website - http://www.dialogic.com Brooktrout Website - http://www.brooktrout.com Internet Telephony - Strategies, Solutions and Products; Andreas Wolf, ITK, AG, March, 1998 Voice Over IP Networks; Marcus Goncalves, McGraw-Hill, 1999 Delivering Voice Over IP Networks; Daniel & Emma Minoli, John Wiley & Sons, 1998

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Emerging Technology Development for Multimedia Communications

Table of Contents (Continued)

John P. Yu November 13, 2006

Introduction To Conventional Communication Technological Concepts

Introduction To Conventional Communication Technological Concepts (Continued)

Some Data Communication Interface Standards

John P. Yu November 13, 2006

Interactive Video Display System

John P. Yu November 13, 2006

Worldwide Video Standards

Interlaced Frames / Second Aspect Ratio John P. Yu November 13, 2006

Proposed HDTV Standards

USA 1050 / 59.94 31.468 KHz 59.94 Hz 50 Hz 40 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 2 : 1 30 16 : 9

Europe 1152 / 50 31.25 KHz

1125 / 60 33.7495 KHz 60 Hz 30 MHz 15 MHz 15 MHz 2 : 1 30 16 : 9

Telecommunications Digital Transmission Hierarch Highlights

28 28 84 168 252 336 672 2688 7168

1 1 3 6 9 12 24 96 256 STM-1 STM-3 STM-4 STM-8 STM-32

Introduction to Digital Contents over IP

John P. Yu November 13, 2006

DCoIP Network Topology

Equipment to Bridge the Circuit-Switched Network and Packet-Switched Network

DCoIP Network Topology

Router H.323 EndPoints H.323 MCS with gateway H.323 EndPoints

Router H.323 EndPoints ISDN POTS H.323 EndPoint

Telephone Circuit Switched Network INTERNET

Firewall & H.323 proxy H.323 Gatekeeper

H.323 MCS with gateway

John P. Yu November 13, 2006

DCoIP Network Topology

H.323 ITU Terminals

H.320 ISDN H.324 PSTN

Circuit Switched Network Gateway

John P. Yu November 13, 2006

Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)

John P. Yu November 13, 2006

Address space increased from 32 bits to 128

John P. Yu November 13, 2006

IPv6 Partners (Continued)

John P. Yu November 13, 2006

IPv6 Partners (Continued)

John P. Yu November 13, 2006

Major System Components

Major System Components (Continued)

Major System Components (Continued)

John P. Yu November 13, 2006

Major System Components (Continued)

John P. Yu November 13, 2006

DCoIP Device and System Developers

John P. Yu November 13, 2006

DCoIP Device and System Developers (Continued)

John P. Yu November 13, 2006

DCoIP Device and System Developers (Continued)

John P. Yu November 13, 2006

DCoIP Device and System Developers (Continued)

John P. Yu November 13, 2006

Existing and Proposed Standards

Multimedia Standard Audio/voice

G.711 (M) G.722 G.728

G.723.1 (M) G.729

Audio rates, Kbps

Video Data * Multiplex Control Signaling

H.261 (M) T.120 H.221 (M) H.242 (M) Q.931