English 300 Coordinating Conjunction

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Coordinating Conjuctions
In grammar, a conjunction is a part of speech that connects two words, sentences, phrases or clauses Coordinating conjunctions, also called coordinators, are conjunctions that join, or coordinate, two or more items (such as words, main clauses, or sentences) of equal syntactic importance. in english, the mnemonic acronym FANBOYS can be used to remember the coordinators for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so

Words and words 1. You and I will come together. 2. It can be black, white or grey. 3. Most children like cookies and milk.
Phrases and phrases 1. The gold is hidden at the beach or by the lakeside. 2. Daniel's uncle claimed that he spent most of his youth dancing on rooftops and swallowing goldfish. 3. Manufacturers must be free to develop their ideas and to package their products.

Clauses and Clauses

1. I wanted to sit in the front of the balcony, so I ordered my tickets early. 2. Its an old car, but its very reliable. 3. It was raining, so I took my umbrella. 4. The sun is warm, yet the air is cool. 5. I dont care for the beach, but I enjoy a good vacation in the mountains.

Coordinating conjuction divided into 3 types :

1. Paralel Structure 2. Paired conjuctions 3. Combinning independent clauses with coordinating conjuction

Parallel Structure
One use of a conjunctions is to connect words or phrases that have same grammatical function in a sentence.
This use of conjunctions is called parallel structure. The conjunctions used in this pattern are and, but, or, nor. These words are called coordinating conjunctions

(a) Steve and his friend are coming to dinner. (b) Susan raised her hand and snapped her fingers. (c) He is waving his arms and (is) shouting at us. In (a) : noun + and + noun In (b) : verb + and + verb In (c) : verb + and + verb (the second auxiliary may be omitted if ti is the same as the first auxiliary) (d) These shoes are old but comfortable. (e) He wants to watch TV or (to) listen to some music In (d) : adjective + and + adjective In (e) : infinitive + and + infinitive (the second to is usually omitted) INCORRECT: Steve, and Joe are coming to dinner Note: No commas are used if there are only two parts to a parallel structure

PAIRED CONJUCNTIONS: BOTH AND; NOT ONLY BUT ALSO; EITHER OR; NEITHER NOR
(a) Both my mother and my sister are here (b) Not only my mother but also my sister is here (c) Not only my sister but also my parents are here (d) Neither my mother nor my sister is here (e) Neither my sister nor my parents are here Two subjects connected by both and take a plural verb, as in (a) When two subjects are connected by not only but also, either or, or neither nor, the subject that is closer to the verb datermines wheter the verb is singular or plural

(f) The research project will take both time and money. (g) Yesterday is not only rained but (also) snowed (h) Ill take either chemistry or physic next quarter (i) That book neither interisting nor accurate Notice the parallel structure in the examples. The same grammatical form should follow each part of the paired conjunctions. In (f) : both + noun + and + noun In (g) : not only + verb + but also + verb In (h) : either + noun + or + noun In (i) : neither + adjective + nor + adjective

COMBINATING INDEPENDENT CLAUSES WITH COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

(a) It was raining. There was a strong wind. (b) INCORRECT PUNCTUATION: It was raining hard, there was a strong wind.

Example (a) contains two independent clauses (i.e., two complete sentences). Notice the punctuation. A period, NOT A COMMA, is used to separate two independent clauses. The punctuation in (b) is not correct; the error in (b) is called a run-on sentence

(c) It was raining hard, and there was a strong wind. (d) It was raining hard and there was a strong wind. (e) It was raining hard. And there was a strong wind. A conjunction may be used to connect two independent clauses. PUNCTUATION: Usually a comma immediately precedes the conjunction, as in (c). In short sentence, the comma is sometimes omitted, as in (d) In informal writing, a conjunction sometimes begins a sentence, as in (e)

(f) He was tired, so he went to bed. (g) The child hid behind his mothers skirt, for he was afraid of the dog. (h) She did not study, yet she passed the exam. In addition to and, but, or, and nor, other conjunctions are used to connect two independent clauses: so (meaning therefore, as a result) for (meaning because) yet (meaning but, nevertheless) A comma almost always preceds so, for, and yet when they are used as coordinating conjunctions.

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