Systems Analysis and Design

Fundamentals of Systems Analysis and Design

Topic & structure of the lesson

What is a system?
Definition Characteristics Examples

Types of information systems Need for Systems Analysis and Design

CT026-1 Systems Analysis and Design

Fundamentals of SAD

Learning Outcomes
By the end of this module, YOU should be able to:
describe two paradigms of analysis and design, specifically object-oriented and structured approaches

CT026-1 Systems Analysis and Design

Fundamentals of SAD

Key terms you must be able to use

If you have mastered this topic, you should be able to use the following terms correctly in your assignments and exams:
systems interfaces boundary environment constraint
Fundamentals of SAD

CT026-1 Systems Analysis and Design

What is a System?
Definition A set of inter-related objects or elements which are viewed as a whole and designed to achieve a common purpose. (Britton and Doake, 1996) A system is an interrelated set of components with an identifiable boundary, working together for some purpose. (Hoffer et al, 2002)
CT026-1 Systems Analysis and Design Fundamentals of SAD

General depiction of a System

Environment
subsystems input interrelationships output boundary

Interface

CT026-1 Systems Analysis and Design

Fundamentals of SAD

What is a system?
Characteristics of a system
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. components inter-related components a boundary a purpose an environment interfaces input output constraints

CT026-1 Systems Analysis and Design

Fundamentals of SAD

Examples of systems
Payroll system Central heating system Digestive system Computer system

CT026-1 Systems Analysis and Design

Fundamentals of SAD

Quick Review Question

Give an example of a system which you believe has some of the characteristics listed earlier.

Describe APIIT/UCTI as a system. Draw a diagram of the system.

CT026-1 Systems Analysis and Design

Fundamentals of SAD

Major Types of Information Systems

Executive Support System (ESS) Decision Support System (DSS) Management Information System (MIS) Transaction Processing System (TPS)

CT026-1 Systems Analysis and Design

Fundamentals of SAD

Types of Information Systems

Executive Support System (ESS)
Strategic level projections for senior managers

Decision Support System (DSS)

Interactive system to help make decisions based on historical and what-if scenarios for decision makers

Management Information System (MIS)

Provides reports in a meaningful aggregate form - for middle managers.

Transaction Processing System (TPS)

Basic system which supports the main business processes at operational level for operations managers
CT026-1 Systems Analysis and Design Fundamentals of SAD

Quick Review Question

List FOUR (4) types of information systems

CT026-1 Systems Analysis and Design

Fundamentals of SAD

Information Systems Analysis & Design

Information Systems Analysis & Design is a complex, challenging and stimulating organizational process that a team of business and systems professionals uses to develop and maintain computer based IS. The trend is to incorporate the Internet, especially the World Wide Web more and more into the organizations way of doing business.

CT026-1 Systems Analysis and Design

Fundamentals of SAD

Information Systems Analysis & Design

In the early years of computing, analysis & design was considered an art. Now it is a disciplined process (similar to architecture or civil engineering) to ensure efficient, timely and within budget systems. There are methodologies, techniques and tools used together to form an organizational approach to systems analysis & design.

CT026-1 Systems Analysis and Design

Fundamentals of SAD

Information Systems Analysis & Design

Methodology comprehensive, multiple step approach to systems development. (SSADM, OO,
RAD etc)

Techniques Processes that ensure that the work done is complete and comprehensible to others. (Questionnaires, interviews, DFDs etc) Tools computer programs which make it easy to use the techniques. (Gantt chart, PERT chart, CASE
tools etc)
CT026-1 Systems Analysis and Design Fundamentals of SAD

Brief History of SAD

1950s-Efficieny of processes was the main goal as computers were large, expensive & not very reliable. Developed from scratch. 1960s Mini computers and the beginning of the software industry. Systems development more of an art than a science. 1970s Disciplined approach started with focus more on data rather than the process. 1980s Microcomputers, 4GLs , CASE tools, Windows & Icon based interfaces. Less in-house and more from software vendors. 1990s Systems integration mainly as developers used visual programming to design user interfaces running on client-server platforms. More on the Internet and the Web. Currently Computer based tools to simplify Web-based development. Wireless components included, application server provider (ASP).
CT026-1 Systems Analysis and Design Fundamentals of SAD

Need for Systems Analysis and Design

To analyze
Data input or data flow systematically Processing or transforming data Data storage Information output

within the context of a particular business To analyze, design and implement computerized information systems to improve the functioning of businesses To install a system with proper planning to avoid dissatisfaction
CT026-1 Systems Analysis and Design Fundamentals of SAD

Follow Up Assignment
Within your project groups identify a system. Then, list and identify all the characteristics within this system.

CT026-1 Systems Analysis and Design

Fundamentals of SAD

Summary of Main Teaching Points

What is a system?
Definition Characteristics Example

Types of Information Systems Need for Systems Analysis and Design

CT026-1 Systems Analysis and Design

Fundamentals of SAD

Question and Answer Session

Q&A
CT026-1 Systems Analysis and Design Fundamentals of SAD

Next Session
Resistance to change
The roles of a Systems Analyst Skills of a Systems Analyst Resistance to change :
Reasons Effects Methods to overcome

CT026-1 Systems Analysis and Design

Fundamentals of SAD