Introduction

Types of electric motors

Assessment of Induction motors
Electromechanical device that converts
electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Mechanical energy used to e.g.
Rotate pump impeller, fan, blower
Drive compressors
Lift materials

3- supply is given to stator winding.
Develop the Rotating Magnetic field ( RMF ) in stator
winding at SYNCHRONOUS SPEED.
Which is cut by the rotor conductor (zero speed).
Due to the relative motion of stator field & rotor ,EMF
induce in rotor conductor.
Due to short circuited rotor conductor current is produce .
Rotor also developed its own field.
Interaction between this two field
TORQUE is produce & rotor will
start to rotate.
Introduction
Types of electric motors
Assessment of Induction motors
Electric Motors
Alternating Current (AC)
Motors
Direct Current (DC)
Motors
Synchronous Induction
Slip Ring
(Wound Rotor)
Squirrel Cage
Self Excited Separately
Excited
Series Shunt Compound


8
Components
Stator
The core is made from the laminated silicon steel
stamping.
Silicon steel use to minimize HYSTERESIS loss and
laminated stamping use to minimize EDDY current loss.

9
Rotor
Squirrel cage type:
Rotor winding is composed of copper bars
embedded in the rotor slots and shorted at both end
by end rings.
Simple
low cost
Rugged
low maintenance
Squirrel cage rotor

10
Wound rotor
Wound rotor type:
3- Rotor winding is wound by wires like stator
winding.
The winding terminals can be connected to external
circuits through slip rings and brushes.
Easy to control speed
High maintenance
more expensive.
slip rings
Carbon brush
3- rotor winding
11
P
in
(Motor)
P
in
(Stator)
P
core loss
(P
c
)

P
air Gap

(P
ag
)
P
mechanical

(P
m
)
P
out,
P
o

P
stator copper
loss,
(P
scu
)
P
rotor copper
loss
(P
rcu
)
P
windage, friction,
etc

(P

- Given)
u cos 3
s s
I V
s
R
I
R
R
'
' 3
2
2
3
|
|
.
|

\
|
c
RM
R
V
' ' 3
2
R R
R I
|
.
|

\
|

s
s
R I
R R
1
' ' 3
2
W hp 746 1 =
s s
R I
2
3
P
in
(Rotor)
Necessity of Starter
If Induction motor directly connected to supply, at that time it takes
6-8 times their full load current because back-emf is zero.
I = (V Eb) / R
where,
V = supply voltage
Eb = back emf
R = rotor resistance

While it developed only 1.5-2.5 times their full load torque.
Now we have to control the higher starting current.

but we know the ohms low I =V/R

From above we can control the current either by voltage control method
or by rotor resistance control method.
There are many methods in use to start 3-phase induction
motors. Some of the common methods are

STARTERS
1. Rotor impedance starter
(For wound rotor)
Voltage control method
Resistance control method
1. Direct on-line starter

2. Star-Delta starter

3. Auto transformer starter

4. Soft starter
Rotor impedance starter (only for wound rotor)
This method allows external resistances to be
connected to the rotor through slip rings and brushes.
Initially, the rotor resistance is set to maximum and is
then gradually decreased as the motor speed
increases, until it becomes zero
Very high maintenance costs
Losses in Resistance
Expensive
Direct on-line starter (DOL)
The DOL starter switches the supply directly on to the
contacts of the motor.
As the starting current of an induction
motor can be 6-8 times the running
current the DOL starter is typically
only used for motors with a rating of
less than 5kW.
Star-Delta starter
Achieves low starting current by first connecting the
stator windings in star configuration.
After the motor reaches a certain speed a double
throw switch changes the winding arrangements from
star to delta configuration. This method provide slow
starting torque which can cause the motor to stall.
Used for motors with a rating
of more than 5KW
Auto transformer starter
Working principle of this starter is same as
star-delta starter
Soft starter
This starter consists of solid state
devices such as SCR, DIOD, IGBT,
TRANSISTER etc.
We can able to control the stator
voltage using SCR soft starter, connect
in series between supply & motor.
In which the stator voltage depend on
the firing angle of GATE terminal of
SCR.

Comparison between starter
DOL Star delta / auto
transformer
Soft starter
Cost Economic Higher Medium
Operation Easy Heavy Easy
Voltage control No Smooth Very smooth
construction
heavy wear on bearings Yes Medium No
High starting current Yes No No
Classification of Test
Routine Test Type Test
1. Insulation Resistance test
2. No load test
3. Lock rotor test
4. Reduce voltage test (For Squirrel cage)
5. Open circuit voltage test (For wound rotor)
6. High voltage test
7. Temperature rise test
8. Noise test
9. Vibration test
10. Over speed test
11. Measurement of stator & wound
rotor Resistance

1. Full load test to determine
PF, Efficiency & Slip
2. Dimension
3. Impulse voltage test
4. Tangent delta test