IGC1 - Element 8 Occup Incident & Accident (1st Ed) v.1.0

NEBOSH International General Certificate
Copyright RMS Publishing IGC First Edition - IGC1 Element 8 - v.1.0 - Slide 1 860409
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RMS Publishing Limited Victoria House, Lower High Street, Stourbridge DY8 1TA ACT Associates Limited. First Edition September 2007. All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be stored in a retrieval system, reproduced, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the Publishers. This presentation may not be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise disposed of by way of trade in any form other than that in which it is published, without the prior consent of the Publishers. This presentation may not be reproduced in any form without prior consent of the Publishers other than a single copy thumbnail handout for immediate use by the tutor. Whilst every effort is made to ensure the completeness and accuracy of the information contained herein, RMS/ACT can bear no liability for any omission or error.
Issued to: Strabag Single Licence Licence No: 860409

Unit IGC1 Management of International health and safety

Element 8
Occupational incident and accident investigation, recording and reporting
Occupational incident and accident investigation
Learning outcomes
8.1 Explain the purpose of, and procedures for, investigating occupational incidents (accidents, cases of work-related ill-health and other occurrences) Describe the organisational requirements for recording and reporting such incidents
8.2
Contents of element
8.1 8.2 The process and purpose of investigating occupational incidents The organisational requirements for recording and reporting occupational incidents
Contents of element

The process and purpose of investigating occupational incidents
Role and function of investigation of accidents Different types of incident Basic accident investigation procedures Interviews, plans, photographs, relevant records and checklists Identifying immediate and (root) underlying causes Identifying remedial actions

Role and function of investigation of accidents

Why investigate? Role of investigation Function of investigation


Why investigate? Humane Economic Legal


Role of investigation Establish what happened Identify measures to prevent a recurrence Establish legal and/or worker compensation liability Data gathering Identification of trends Determine the causes of what happened, including underlying causes


Function of investigation Need to establish the causes Identify weaknesses in current systems Determine economic losses Recommend actions to prevent a recurrence Determine compliance with statutory requirements Improve staff relations Acquire statistics Prepare for criminal/civil action and provide insurance/worker compensation data

Different types of incident

Outcome Injury Ill-health Dangerous occurrence Near-miss Damage only Incident

Basic accident investigation procedures

Approach to investigation Preparing for the investigation Training for the reporting of accidents / incidents Scope and depth of investigation Types of investigations Investigation guidelines Summary of actions to be taken


Approach to investigation Step 1: Gathering the information Step 2: Analysing the information Step 3: Identifying suitable risk control measures Step 4: The action plan and its implementation


Preparing for the investigation Determine who should be involved Ensure that the accident scene remains undisturbed Collate all relevant existing documents Identify the persons (witnesses) Check legal reporting requirements have been met Ascertain the equipment that will be needed Determine the style and depth of the investigation


Training for the reporting of accidents / incidents Importance of reporting accidents Types of incident Lines of reporting How to complete internal documents and forms How to report to external organisations


Scope and depth of investigation All accidents should be investigated A study of minor injuries and near misses can often reveal a major hazard The depth of investigation should depend on the severity of actual or potential loss


Types of investigations Supervisory investigations Formal investigation - Senior manager - Supervisor / team leader - Competent person to give technical advice - Safety professional - Worker representative


Investigation guidelines Personal safety As soon as possible Objective Witnesses Identify the root causes Questions Open mind Approach witness without bias Notes Interviews are of critical importance


Summary of actions to be taken Isolating services and making the area safe Administering first-aid treatment and summoning emergency services Informing the next of kin Notifying the enforcement authority Collecting initial evidence such as photographs, sketches and the names of witnesses Setting up the accident investigation

Interviews Recording the details Conducting interview in private Interviewing more than one person Confidential approach Informal Summarising your understanding Appreciation for the witnesses information Translating conclusions
Interviews, plans, photographs, relevant records and checklists


Plans Provide a clear indication of the accident Sketch plans Layout plans

Photographs Record and preserve images of accident scenes or resulting injuries Can be useful if the situation changes with time through corrective actions

Relevant records Opinions Experiences Observations Measurements Check sheets Work permits Risk assessments Method statements Training records

Checklists What happened How it happened Why it happened Recommendations

the loss the event the causes remedial (and preventive) action

Identifying immediate and (root) underlying causes

Identifying immediate causes Unsafe acts Unsafe conditions


Root or underlying causes Loss Event (accident or incident) Immediate (direct) causes Indirect (root or underlying) causes Lack of management control


Domino theory of accident causation
Source: Frank Bird.

Identifying remedial actions

Action following a serious accident Reports and follow-up Summary
Contents of element

Organisational requirements for recording and reporting
Internal systems for collecting, analysing and communicating data Organisational requirements for recording and reporting incidents Typical examples of major injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences that might be reportable to external agencies

Internal systems for collecting, analysing and communicating data

Collecting data - Report from types - Reporting routes - Person receiving harm - Person causing loss - Person discovering the loss Analysing and communicating data

Organisational requirements for recording and reporting incidents

ILO Code of Practice for Recording and Notification of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (RNOAD) Occupational accident Occupational disease Commuting accident - Workers principal or secondary residence - Place where worker takes their meals - Remuneration Dangerous occurrence Incidents

Typical examples of major injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences that might be reportable to external agencies
Major injuries Any fracture other than finger, thumbs or toes Amputation Dislocation Loss of sight Electrical shock Loss of consciousness Acute illness Any other injury

Diseases Diseases caused by agents Physical agents Chemical agents Biological agents

Diseases Diseases caused by physical agents: Noise Ionising radiation Work in compressed air Extremes of temperature Vibration

Diseases Diseases caused by chemical agents: Lead Asphyxiants Vanadium Carbon disulphide

Diseases Diseases caused by biological agents: Infections and parasitic diseases Anthrax Hepatitis

Diseases Diseases by target organ systems Respiratory diseases Skin diseases Musculo-skeletal disorders

Diseases Diseases by target organ systems Respiratory diseases: Occupational asthma Siderosis Bronchopulmonary Pneumoconioses

Diseases Diseases by target organ systems Skin diseases: Occupational vitiligo Caused by physical, chemical and biological agents

Diseases Diseases by target organ systems Musculo-skeletal disorders: Awkward or non-neutral postures Rapid repetitive motion Forceful exertion

Diseases Occupational cancer Cancer caused by agents: Asbestos Mineral oil Benzene Wood dust

Dangerous occurrences Failure of lifting equipment Fire Collapse of a building Failure of a pressurised closed vessel Explosion
Contents of element
Element 8
Occupational incident and accident investigation, recording and reporting
Unit IGC1 Management of International health and safety



IGC1 - Element 8 Occup Incident &amp; Accident (1st Ed) v.1.0

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NEBOSH International General Certificate

Issued to: Strabag Single Licence Licence No: 860409

NEBOSH International General Certificate

Unit IGC1 Management of International health and safety

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Role and function of investigation of accidents

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Role and function of investigation of accidents

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Role and function of investigation of accidents

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Role and function of investigation of accidents

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Different types of incident

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Basic accident investigation procedures

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Basic accident investigation procedures

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Basic accident investigation procedures

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Basic accident investigation procedures

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Basic accident investigation procedures

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Basic accident investigation procedures

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Basic accident investigation procedures

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Basic accident investigation procedures

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Interviews, plans, photographs, relevant records and checklists

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Interviews, plans, photographs, relevant records and checklists

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Interviews, plans, photographs, relevant records and checklists

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Interviews, plans, photographs, relevant records and checklists

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Checklists What happened How it happened Why it happened Recommendations

Interviews, plans, photographs, relevant records and checklists

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Identifying immediate and (root) underlying causes

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Identifying immediate and (root) underlying causes

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Identifying immediate and (root) underlying causes

Source: Frank Bird.

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Identifying remedial actions

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Internal systems for collecting, analysing and communicating data

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Organisational requirements for recording and reporting incidents

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Occupational incident and accident investigation

Occupational incident and accident investigation

IGC1 - Element 8 Occup Incident & Accident (1st Ed) v.1.0

IGC1 - Element 8 Occup Incident & Accident (1st Ed) v.1.0