NEO Chemical Seminar 2007

Cross-linking = Curing

Toine Dinnissen / March 27th 2007

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NEO Chemical Seminar 2007

Reactive Sites

O O

CH3

OH O CH CH2 CH2 O

CH3

O O

CH3

CH3 N

Reaction via the OH-group[s]

Resole, Amine-formaldehyde resins Polyisocyanates Elevated Temperature Room Temperature

Reaction via the Epoxy-groups

Catalytic Chemical Addition-reactions Acids: Anhydrides, Phenols Base: Amines Polysulphides

Elevated Temperature Room Temperature

Toine Dinnissen / March 27th 2007

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NEO Chemical Seminar 2007

Amine Reactions
Linear Mw build-up....

O NH2 NH2

CH3

O O

O
CH3

NH2

NH2

OH NH2 N CH2 O

CH3

OH O CH2 N H NH2

CH3

Toine Dinnissen / March 27th 2007

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NEO Chemical Seminar 2007

Amine Reactions
followed by Cross-linking
Avoid vitrification
OH NH2 N H CH2 O
CH3 CH3

OH O O CH2 N H NH2
CH3

O
CH3

OH N H CH2 O

CH3

OH O CH2

N
CH2 O

CH3

HO

Toine Dinnissen / March 27th 2007

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NEO Chemical Seminar 2007

Amine Reactions
possible tertiary amine catalysed hydroxyl-cure
temperature helps
CH3

OH
O CH2

CH3

O
CH3

O
CH3

OH
O

CH3

O
CH3

CH3

O
O CH2

O
CH3

Toine Dinnissen / March 27th 2007

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NEO Chemical Seminar 2007

Crosslink Density
Solid epoxy resin Mole wt ~ 1000 Liquid epoxy resin Mole weight ~ 380

Assuming epoxy molecules are difunctional and hardener molecules are tetrafunctional. Note: Crosslinked network always tridimensional
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NEO Chemical Seminar 2007

Bisphenol-A epoxy resins

Influence of molecular weight of epoxy resin on key properties

D.E.R. 331 D.E.R. 337 [Liquid] [Semi-solid]

D.E.R. 660 [Semi-solid]

D.E.R. 671 [Solid]

Mole weight
EEW Viscosity

370

500

700

1000

Flexibility
Acid resistance Solvent resistance Drying time

Pot life
Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company

Toine Dinnissen / March 27th 2007

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NEO Chemical Seminar 2007

Amine Content
Amine Hydrogen Equivalent Weight [ AHEW ] unit: grams / equivalent. { sometimes referred to as equivalent weight per active Hydrogen } Definition: Grams of hardener containing one equivalent of N-H groups. or: Mw of the hardener divided by the number of active hydrogen per molecule Parts per Hundred Resin [ phr ] unit: grams Definition: grams of hardener needed per hundred grams of epoxy resin Conversion: phr = { AHEW * 100 } / EEW Amine Value { Aminzahl } unit: mg KOH / gram hardener sometimes called amine-index Definition: mg KOH equivalent to one gram of hardener Conversion: NO CORRELATION WITH AHEW Amine content [ Aminwert ] unit: eq / kg Definition: equivalents of N-H per kg hardener Conversion: Amine content = 1000 / AHEW

Toine Dinnissen / March 27th 2007

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NEO Chemical Seminar 2007

Calculation Example

H H H2N-CH2-CH2-N-CH2-CH2-N-CH2-CH2-NH2
Amine Hydrogen Equivalent Weight [ AHEW ] Amine content

Molecular Weight is 146 Functionality is 6

= 146 / 6 = 24 g / eq

= 1000 / 24 = 42 eq / kg

In order to cure100 grams of resin with EEW = 200 g / eq one would need:

phr = 24 * 100 / 200 = 12 grams

Toine Dinnissen / March 27th 2007 Page 9

NEO Chemical Seminar 2007

How to calculate Mixing-ratio

Amine Hydrogen Equivalent Weight [ AHEW ] Epoxy Equivalent Weight [ EEW ]

Amount of hardener needed per 100 g of epoxy resin

100 * AHEW EEW

The mixing ratio can be optimised in order to achieve the desired performances.

Toine Dinnissen / March 27th 2007

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NEO Chemical Seminar 2007

Example

Polypox H 043 [ex. UPPC]

D.E.R. 331 epoxy resin

AHEW = 115

EEW

= 188

Theoretical amount of hardener needed per 100 g of D.E.R. 331 epoxy resin

100 * 115 188

= 61 g

Toine Dinnissen / March 27th 2007

Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company

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NEO Chemical Seminar 2007

Mixing and Pot-life

Mixing
Quasi all ambient cure epoxy coatings are 2 pack systems. Excellent mixing of the epoxy with the hardener components and an accurate dosing are critical to achieve the expected performances

Pot life
Amount of time available to apply the product after mixing. Pot life depends also on the temperature and amount of product.

Induction time
With some systems, an induction time is required. Induction prevents blooming

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NEO Chemical Seminar 2007

Dow is NOT a Curing Agent supplier !!!

Toine Dinnissen / March 27th 2007

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