Service & Network Planning for UMTS

Chung Hwa Telecom - Taiwan

Craig A. Cooper
Network & Systems Solutions, Asia Pacific Tel: +65-380 8670 ESN: 623 8670 Fax: +65-380 8859 Email: ccooper@nortelnetworks.com

Agenda... Planning Process Taiwan Market Customer Definitions Marketing Services Engineering Services UMTS Classes Traffic Behaviour Multi-Service Traffic Model Network Design Options

Planning Process...
Service Definition Market Analysis Network Requirements Traffic
Market analysis Service definitions Service usage Profiles Models Flows Community of interest

Traffic engineering

Network Architecture

Network architecture

High level overall network design Network evolution Network economics

Signalling & Call Servers Signalling Bearers Call servers

Signalling Call servers Call Attempts / QoS Interworking UTRAN iBTS RNC Core Wireless gateway PSTN gateway GGSN

UTRAN

Core Network

Transmission

Transmission
Architecture dependent Flexibility Redundancy

Taiwan Divisions...

10 11

20 3 7 5 4 6 8 18

Index 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 2

City Name Kaohsiung Taipei Chiayi Hsinchu Keelung Taichung Tainan Changhwa Chiayi Hsinchu Hualien Ilan Kaohsiung Miaoli Nantou Penghu Pintung Taichung Tainan Taipei Taitung Taoyuan Yunlin Kinman Lienkian

19 22 24 23 12 13 14 15 21 17

25

16

First Level Second Level Count Municipality Chu 11 Municipality Chu 12 Municipality Total 23 City Districts 2 City Districts 3 City Districts 7 City Districts 8 City Districts 7 City Total 27 Hsien Townships 26 Hsien Townships 18 Hsien Townships 13 Hsien Townships 13 Hsien Townships 12 Hsien Townships 27 Hsien Townships 18 Hsien Townships 13 Hsien Townships 6 Hsien Townships 33 Hsien Townships 21 Hsien Townships 31 Hsien Townships 29 Hsien Townships 16 Hsien Townships 13 Hsien Townships 20 Hsien Townships 6 Hsien Townships 4 Hsien Total 319 Grand Total 369

25 Kilometers

50

Hsiens are usually large in surface area and for this reason they contain the highest number of townships.

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Taipei Townships, Building Clutter Data & Roads

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Kilometers

Public and private dwellings in Taipei Municipality cover about 20% of the total surface area. Clutter data is available for all other areas of Taiwan also. Microstudies can be done at the street level (see inset above).
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Population Density
Population Density 1996
by Township 30,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 to to to to to 0 to 41,000 30,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 (3) (11) (9) (7) (14) (325)

No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Municipality, City or Area Total Male Female Hsien Name (km^2) Population Population Population Density Taipei Municipality 272 2,598,493 1,295,637 1,302,856 9,560 Kaohsiung Municipality 154 1,436,142 730,164 705,978 9,350 Taichung City 163 901,961 448,268 453,693 5,519 Chiayi City 60 262,822 132,520 130,302 4,379 Tainan City 176 717,811 363,149 354,662 4,087 Hsinchu City 104 351,800 180,465 171,335 3,380 Keelung City 133 379,370 195,483 183,887 2,858 Taipei Hsien 2,053 3,420,535 1,733,428 1,687,107 1,666 Taoyuan Hsien 1,221 1,614,471 834,135 780,336 1,322 Changhwa Hsien 1,074 1,297,744 673,396 624,348 1,208 Penghu Hsien 127 91,169 47,783 43,386 719 Taichung Hsien 2,051 1,447,761 744,377 703,384 706 Yunlin Hsien 1,291 751,913 397,292 354,621 583 Tainan Hsien 2,016 1,096,251 568,164 528,087 544 Kaohsiung Hsien 2,793 1,227,160 638,557 588,603 439 Kinman Hsien 153 51,080 26,499 24,581 334 Pintung Hsien 2,776 913,764 478,226 435,538 329 Miaoli Hsien 1,820 560,344 294,720 265,624 308 Chiayi Hsien 1,902 567,695 299,791 267,904 299 Hsinchu Hsien 1,428 421,721 221,796 199,925 295 Lienkian Hsien 29 8,419 4,752 3,667 292 Ilan Hsien 2,144 466,603 241,958 224,645 218 Nantou Hsien 4,106 546,707 286,080 260,627 133 Hualien Hsien 4,629 358,077 190,728 167,349 77 Taitung Hsien 3,515 253,002 136,396 116,606 72 Grand Total 36,188 21,742,815 11,163,764 10,579,051 1,947

The population figures in the above table have been sorted by density. The Taipei and Kaohsiung municipalities have greater than 9000 persons per sq km. Hualien and Taitung hsiens are the least dense with less than 100 persons per sq km. About 28% of the total population live in the Taipei area.

Population Distribution
90%of the surface area has a population density less than 2,000/km 2

Population Density
90 80 70 Frequency of sq km 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
30 0 40 0 50 0 1, 00 0 2, 00 0 3, 00 0 4, 00 0 5, 00 0 6, 00 0 7, 00 0 8, 00 0 10 ,0 00 12 ,0 00 14 ,0 00 16 ,0 00 50 10 0 20 0 10

100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0%

Just over half of the surface area has a population density less than 200/km2

60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0%

Pop per sq Km

A third of the surface area has a population density less than 100/km2

Cummulative % of Surface Area

People Employed in Primary Industry Sector

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Employed Persons in Primary Sector 1993

by Township 18,800 14,100 9,400 4,700 to to to to 0 to 23,700 18,800 14,100 9,400 4,700 (4) (14) (45) (121) (185)

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The primary industry sector includes such activities as agriculture, fishing and mining. Traditional farming techniques are still being used by many Taiwanese. The subtropical climatic conditions make Taiwan an ideal location to grow many different types of fruits.

Lishan Apples Pears Peaches

Wuling Farm Moon World Fruit Orchards Bananas Jujube Bamboo

Meaning Fruit Orchards Tobacco Fields Sugar Cane Betel Palms

Most persons employed in the primary sector live in the central western coast. Primary sector employees represent only 20% of the total labour force.

People Employed in Secondary Industry Sector

Employed Persons in Secondary Sector 1993
by Township 85,000 68,000 51,000 34,000 17,000 to to to to to 0 to 103,000 85,000 68,000 51,000 34,000 17,000 (3) (2) (1) (18) (43) (302)

The secondary sector, also known as the manufacturing sector can be described as the enterprises that are involved in turning raw materials (i.e. natural resources) into finished goods. The Taiwanese government have set up Export Processing Zones (EPZ) to attract overseas investors to engage in manufacturing and trading. Usually EPZs carry dual functions: freetrade zones as well as industrial parks. According to the government, Taiwans wellplanned EPZs play a promotional and pioneering role in the process of economic development. The following are a list of some of the EPZs in Taiwan and their industrial specialisations:
Taipei ceramics chemicals electronics machinery plastic goods textile Hsinchu microchips computers electronics biochemical robotics telecom Taichung foodstuffs footwear furniture hardware printing textile Kaohsiung shipbuilding steel hardware machinery shrimp culture

The two major science parks are located in Hsinchu and Tainan and have attracted global attention.

People Employed in Tertiary Industry Sector

Employed Persons in Tertiary Sector 1993
135,000 108,000 81,000 54,000 27,000 to to to to to 0 to 161,000 135,000 108,000 81,000 54,000 27,000 (2) (2) (8) (10) (27) (320)

Employed Persons
20%

45%

35%

Primary Sector

Secondary Sector

Tertiary Sector

The tertiary industry sector is usually known as the service sector. Like Taiwan, a large proportion of employed persons in developed countries work in the service sector. About 45% of Taiwans labour force work in retail, property and business, finance and insurance, cutural and recreational services, transport,storage and communications, government and health services. Most of these employees live in Taipei municipality and hsien and Kaohsiung municipality and hsien.

Surface Area Coverage

200500M 10001500M 15002000M 5001000M 10001500M 20002500M 15002000M 0200M 20002500M 200500M 10001500M 25003000M 3000MHW 15002000M 20002500M 3000MHW 20002500M 200500M 0200M 5001000M 0200M 10001500M 5001000M 10001500M 200500M 5001000M 0200M

0200M

15002000M 20002500M

3000MHW 3000MHW

15002000M

0200M 200500M

0200M

200500M

15002000M

20002500M

0200M

The national motorway is located on the west coast of the island. Most major highways and roads intersect the motorway going from northwest to southwest. There are few roads crossing east to west because of the rugged terrain.
200500M 25003000M 3000MHW 25003000M

20002500M

15002000M

25 Kilometers

50

From the perspective of the current UMTS network design proposal an approximate total Taiwan surface area of 13K square kilometers has been addressed. This coverage area reflects the total land surface area below the 1,000 ft elevation level and represents about 36% of the total land mass.

Population Addressed
40000.0 35000.0 30000.0 25000.0 20000.0 15000.0 10000.0 5,000,000 5000.0 0.0
0. 0% 0. 3% 0. 8% 1. 6% 3. 0% 4. 4% 5. 9% 7. 4% 9. 1% 11 .5 13 % .3 % 15 .3 17 % .4 19 % .2 21 % .4 % 24 .1 % 26 .0 % 28 .7 31 % .8 34 % .2 % 38 .1 % 40 .8 % 44 .4 49 % .4 54 % .1 % 64 .0 % 90 .9 %

25,000,000

94.8% of Total Population (21.5M)

20,000,000

Cummulative Surface Area

Population
15,000,000

36% of Surface Area

10,000,000

Surface Area
0

Cummulative Percentage of Surface Area

Cummulative Population

Market Prioritisation
100% 80% Cumulative Weight

60%

40%

20%

Business = 860k Households = 6200k Surface = 36000 sq km

0% 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Ranked Townships

Yellow
Post Codes Businesses Households Surface Area 67 60% 54% 4%

Blue
64 20% 21% 8%

Red
71 10% 12% 11%

Grey
167 10% 13% 77%

Total
369 100% 100% 100%

Market Segments - Residential

Market Segmentations

Description
A user who likes the security of a mobile phone. More likely to use such services as voicemail, email, local zone and prepaid.
Less affluent or mobile but values the ability to stay in touch with friends and family. Also a relatively high user of multimedia in the home which is a catalyst for limited use of mobile multimedia services.

Casual User

Life Consumer

High End

Relatively affluent, busy work and social life, heavy consumer of multimedia at home. Tends to be quite active and mobile probably commutes a long way to work by car or public transport.

Market Segments - Business

Market Segmentations

Description
A casual user is someone who likes to receive incoming business calls from his/her customers and takes advantage of a limited number of business-specific services. Likely to be a user of email and internet web browsing.
A senior or middle manager who works away from his office/desk for between 20% and 50% of his time. These users usually have a highly interactive function liaising with colleagues, clients and suppliers much of the time. They will tend to be high users of information services, video-conferencing, and services providing access to their company intranet or LAN, to access email and corporate databases.

Casual User

Mobile

Road Warrior

An employee who has no office or desk, and so is mobile 70-100% of the time. Examples include service engineers, transport drivers, and tradesmen. These users also need to maintain communications with colleagues, clients and suppliers but will be lower users of sophisticated mobile services although access to corporate databases on the LAN, intranet or Internet will be important for some.

Marketing Services View

Proposed UMTS (Marketing Services)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Supplementary Services Bearer Services Wireless Office Mobile Internet Call Filtering Pre Paid Local Zone Personal Assistant Unified Messaging Single Number / Personal Number Family & Friends Inter-Carrier Push Services Specific Pull Services Games Music Download Chat Room Applications Audio Streaming Personal Information Manager Video Conference Video Streaming Telemetry Target Advertising Search Engine eCommerce

Proposed UMTS (Engineering Services) Service Description

Voice, Voicemail Voice Email, FTP Web Browsing, FTP Voice, Voicemail Voice, Voicemail Voice, Voicemail, Fax Personal Productivity Messaging Voice Voice Voice Multimedia Information Services Multimedia Multimedia Web Browsing Multimedia Personal Productivity Multimedia Multimedia Information Services Web Browsing Web Browsing Electronic Commerce Call waiting, Call hold, Call forward Making a call Remote access Wireless access to multimedia technologies Call barring Prepaid cards Local calls, fax Online scheduler, Calander Voice, Data, Video, Audio One number to many locations Cheap calls to specific numbers Cheap calls to specific carriers Information services, Security and Web fsite filtering (Share Trader, Share price, Where am I?) Interactive games Internet sites selling music online Online chat rooms Internet radio stations Online scheduler Net meeting Video-on-Demand Online navigation systems Online advertising Yahoo, Altavista, etc Shopping online

Engineering Services View

Proposed UMTS (Engineering Services)

Voice Facsimile Email Video-Conferencing Web Browsing Multimedia FTP Information Services Personal Productivity Electronic Commerce

UMTS Classes
Conversational Conversational Background Conversational Interactive Streaming Background Interactive Interactive Interactive

UMTS Classes: Delay & Packet Loss versus Services

Packet Loss

10%

Interactive

Responsive

Timely

Non-critical

5% Conversational voice and video

100 msec

Voice messaging
1 sec

Streaming audio, video

10 sec

Fax

0%
Zero loss

One-way delay 100 sec

Telnet, interactive games

E-commerce, WWW browsing E-mail

FTP, still image, paging

Notification

Busy Hour Voice - Erlang B

AMR Voice @ 12.2Kb/s

800 700 600 500 Kb/s 400 300 200

AMR Voice @ 12.2Kb/s

100 0.1 1.9 3.7 5.5 7.3 9.1 10.9 12.7 14.5 16.3 18.1 25.3 28.9 36.1 37.9 39.7 41.5 43.3 52.3 54.1 55.9 19.9 21.7 23.5 27.1 30.7 32.5 34.3 45.1 46.9 48.7 50.5 57.7 59.5

Busy Hour Minutes

Voice over 1 Busy-Hour: Poisson Distribution of Call Arrivals Example: 30 Erlangs of traffic Erlang-B at 0.5% blocking: 45 simultaneous calls Using AMR encoding at 12.2 Kb/s: 549 Kb/s of bandwidth

Data Gap Filling - Data for Free!

800 700 600 500 Kb/s 400 300 200 100 7.3 0.1 1.9 3.7 5.5 9.1 12.7 16.3 18.1 19.9 21.7 23.5 25.3 28.9 32.5 36.1 37.9 39.7 41.5 43.3 45.1 46.9 48.7 50.5 52.3 54.1 55.9 57.7 59.5 10.9 14.5 27.1 30.7 34.3

Generic Data - Gap Fill AMR Voice @ 12.2Kb/s

Busy Hour Minutes

Average simultaneous calls: 30 (30 Erlangs) (549 Kb/s - (30 x 12.2 Kb/s)) = 183 Kb/s
82 MBytes per hour available

Reasonably delay insensitive traffic can be free

Data Session Model...

Arrival of sessions follow a Poisson distribution Sessions Null Session

Packet Calls

Inactive Off

A: Active State D: Dormant State N: Null

D A

Packets

Active On

Active Off

Packet

Detailed Traffic Models...

Application Session Arrival Process Number of Packet Calls per Session Telnet WWW FTP eMail Poisson with Offered Traffic Dependent Mean Arrival Rate Geometric (mean of 114)

Geometric (mean of 5)

Geometric (mean of 2)

Inter-Arrival Time Between Geometric (mean of 1 Packet Calls (Sec) sec) Reading Time Beween Packet Calls (sec) Geometric (mean of 120 sec) Pareto (mean of 90, K=30, a = 1.5 Function of the packet size and Weibull distributed packet call size (mean of 15, A=1/e^9, B=2.04) 480

Number of Packets per Packet Call

Pareto (mean of 25, K=2.27, a = 1.1

Pareto (mean of 62 K=5.64, a = 1.1

Packet Size (bytes)

Geometric (mean of 90)

480

480

Geometric (mean of Geometric (mean of Geometric (mean of 1/[(bits-per-sec pkt 1/[(bits-per-sec pkt 1/[(bits-per-sec pkt Inter-Arrival Time Between Geometric (mean of 1 size] seconds to match size] seconds to match size] seconds to match Packets (sec) sec) source date rate of bits- source date rate of bits- source date rate of bitsper-sec) per-sec) per-sec)
Arrival of sessions follow a Poisson distribution Sessions Null Session

Packet Calls

Inactive Off

A: Active State D: Dormant State N: Null

D A

Packets

Active On

Active Off

Packet

Uniform Distribution of Data

800 700 600 500 Kb/s 400 300

Generic Data @ 183 Kb/s

200 100 0.1 1.9 3.7 5.5 7.3 9.1 10.9 34.3 46.9 12.7 14.5 16.3 18.1 19.9 21.7 23.5 25.3 27.1 28.9 30.7 32.5 36.1 37.9 39.7 41.5 43.3 45.1 48.7 50.5 52.3 54.1 55.9 57.7 59.5
Session

AMR Voice @ 12.2Kb/s

Busy Hour Minutes

Sessions

82 Mbytes of traffic to be transferred evenly over 1 hour: 183 Kb/s of additional bandwidth added
Packet Calls

Arrival of sessions follow a Poisson distribution Null

Inactive Off

A: Active State D: Dormant State N: Null

D A

Packets

Active On

Active Off

Packet

Uniform Distribution of Data + Data Gap Filling

800 700 600 500 Kb/s 400 300 200 100 1.9 3.7 9.1 0.1 5.5 7.3 23.5 36.1 52.3 10.9 12.7 14.5 16.3 18.1 19.9 21.7 25.3 27.1 28.9 30.7 32.5 34.3 37.9 39.7 41.5 43.3 45.1 46.9 48.7 50.5 54.1 55.9 57.7 59.5

New Generic Data - Gap Fill AMR Voice @ 12.2Kb/s

Busy Hour Minutes

Average simultaneous calls: 30 (30 Erlangs) (549 Kb/s + 183 Kb/s) - (30 x 12.2 Kb/s) = 366 Kb/s
164 MBytes per hour available

This approach has provided a 200% data capacity

Peakedness Factors
800 700 600 500 Kb/s 400 300 200 100 0.1 1.9 3.7 5.5 7.3 9.1 10.9 18.1 19.9 21.7 28.9 30.7 32.5 34.3 36.1 37.9 39.7 41.5 43.3 45.1 46.9 54.1 55.9 57.7 12.7 14.5 16.3 23.5 25.3 27.1 48.7 50.5 52.3 59.5

Data Peakedness Factor @ 1.4 Generic Data @ 183 Kb/s AMR Voice @ 12.2Kb/s

Busy Hour Minutes

The same 82 Mbytes of traffic to be transferred evenly over 1 hour + an additional factor for peakedness: Is this necessary??? Data carrying capability is now 240% of throughput requirements

Differentiated Traffic Services...

Air Interface Mbit/s

Service Requirements

Best Effort + Push Low Revenue

System Capacity = Investments

TRAFFIC = REVENUE High Revenue = Guaranteed Throughput

TIME

Traffic Management : Reduces Investment, Improve QoS, Increase Revenues

 Voice Facsimile Email Video-Conferencing Web Browsing Multimedia FTP Information Services Personal Productivity Electronic Commerce

Voice Model...
Actual Number of Users Charateristic End-User Behaviour Service Bandwidth Requirement (kbps) Total network Erlangs Up Stream PeakTime Network Bandwidth (Kbps) Down Stream PeakTime Network Bandwidth (Kbps) 4,000

8.0 80.0 640.0 Kbps 640.0 Kbps

Total Traffic (80 Erlangs) = Traffic-perLine (20m.E) x Subscribers (4,000) Service Bandwidth (640 Kbps) = Traffic (80 Erlangs) x Per Session Bandwidth (8 Kbps)

Assumptions Customer Characteristics: Traffic per Line (milli.Erlangs)

20.0

Application Characteristics: Average Kbps per Call:

8.0

Erlang B is applied to this calculation within the UMTS dimensioning tool - UTRAN Aggregation versus Core Aggregation

Facsimile Model...
Actual Number of Users Charateristic End-User Behaviour Service Bandwidth Requirement (kbps) Total network Erlangs Up Stream PeakTime Network Bandwidth (Kbps) Down Stream PeakTime Network Bandwidth (Kbps) 2,400

12.2 12.0 146.4 Kbps 146.4 Kbps

Total Traffic (12 Erlangs) = Traffic-perLine (5m.E) x Subscribers (2,400) Service Bandwidth (146.4 Kbps) = Traffic (12 Erlangs) x Per Session Bandwidth (12.2 Kbps)

Assumptions Customer Characteristics: Traffic per Line (milli.Erlangs)

5.0

Application Characteristics: Average Kbps per Fax:

12.2

Erlang B is applied to this calculation within the UMTS dimensioning tool - UTRAN Aggregation versus Core Aggregation

eMail Model...
Actual Number of Users PeakTime Throughput per User (KB) PeakTime Users UL Total PeakTime Bandwidth (kbps) DL Total PeakTime Bandwidth (kbps) Charateristic End-User Behaviour Average Size of the Message (Kbytes) Up Stream Messages per day per user PeakTime Messages(per user) PeakTime Traffic per User [US] (Kbits) Down Stream Messages per day per user PeakTime Messages(per user) PeakTime Traffic per User [DS] (Kbits) 25% 3,400 1,088 850 531.9 221.6

256 12 3 6,144 Kb 5 1 2,560 Kb

{Total Users (3,400) x Peak-Time-Users (25%) x Avg Kbits/User (6,144 UL / 2,560 DL) x Peakedness-Factor} {3,600 sec x PeakTime (3hr)} Msgs Sent (12) x % Sent (25%) in Peak-Time (3 hr) x Avg email size (256KB) Msgs Received (5) x % Sent (25%) in PeakTime (3 hr) x Avg email size (256KB)

25%

25%

Assumptions Customer Characteristics: PeakTime (in hours): PeakTime Users: Peak Traffic: Peakedness Factor Application Characteristics: Total Number of Kbytes per object: Messages Received: Messages Sent:

3.0 25% 25% 1.1

256 5 12

Video Conference Model...

Actual Number of Users Charateristic End-User Behaviour Service Bandwidth Requirement (kbps) Total network Erlangs Up Stream PeakTime Network Bandwidth (Kbps) Down Stream PeakTime Network Bandwidth (Kbps) 120

128.0 12.0 1536.0 Kbps 1536.0 Kbps

Total Erlangs (12 Erlangs) = Avg BusyHour-Call-Attempts (0.3) x Avg Session Duration (20 min) x Number-of-Users (120) Service Bandwidth (1,536 Kbps) = Traffic (12 Erlangs) x Per Session Bandwidth (128 Kbps)

Assumptions Customer Characteristics: Average Session Duration (min) BusyHour Call Attempts per Sub

20.0 0.3

Application Characteristics: Average Kbps per Session:

128.0

Erlang B is applied to this calculation within the UMTS dimensioning tool - UTRAN Aggregation versus Core Aggregation

Web Browsing Model...

Actual Number of Users UL PeakTime Bandwidth per User (Kbps) DL PeakTime Bandwidth per User (Kbps) PeakTime Users UL Total PeakTime Bandwidth (kbps) DL Total PeakTime Bandwidth (kbps) Charateristic End-User Behaviour Average Size of a Web page (Kbytes) Average Length of browsing (Min/Session) Requests per Surfing Session Session Bandwidth per User (Kbps) Transaction Rate PeakTime(seconds) PeakTime Bandwidth per User (kbps) Assumptions Customer Characteristics: PeakTime (in hours): PeakTime Users: Rate of request (in seconds) Application Characteristics: Web page size (Kbytes): Protocol overhead factor: DownstreamtoUpstream traffic ratio Expected Response Time (sec): 30% 3,600 0.04 0.44 1080 48.0 480.0

Service Bandwidth (X Kbps) = Total Users (3,600) x Peak Time Users (30%) x Per User BW (0.44 Kbps) Requests per Session (38) = Avg Session Time (35 min) * Rate of Requests (56 sec)

80 35 38 128.0 0.0035 10800 0.44 Kbps

1 request every 56 seconds. Source: NielsonNet Ratings

Session BW per User (128 Kbps) = Avg Web Page Size (80 KB) Response Time (6 sec) Transaction Rate (0.0035) = Requests per Session (38) Peak Time (3hr x 3,600 sec/hr) Peak Time BW per User (0.44 Kbps) = Session BW per User (128 Kbps) x Transaction Rate (0.0035)

3 2 4

3.0 30% 56

80 1.2 10 :1 6

Downstream traffic is calculated and Upstream is defined as a ratio of Downstream (I.e. 10:1)

Streaming Parameters...
Target Audience 28.8 Kbps modem 56 Kbps modem 64 Kbps single ISDN 112 Kbps dual ISDN Corporate LAN 256 Kbps DSL/cable modem 384 Kbps DSL/cable modem 512 Kbps DSL/cable modem Stereo Music Voice Only 20.0 Kbps 5.0 Kbps 32.0 Kbps 8.5 Kbps 44.0 Kbps 64.0 Kbps 8.5 Kbps 96.0 Kbps 32.0 Kbps Voice & Music 6.5 Kbps Video Stream * 13.8 Kbps 28.2 Kbps 72.9 Kbps 120.5 Kbps 196.0 Kbps 322.0 Kbps 422.4 Kbps

8.5 Kbps 33.0 Kbps

* Total video & audio stream requires the addition of an audio rate with the appropriate video rate "Working with REALPRODUCER 8 Codecs" RealNetworks Technical Blueprint Series, 19 May 2000 Default Audio-Streaming is 96 Kbps Default Video-Streaming is 153.5 Kbps (120.5 Kbps video + 33 Kbps voice+music audio)

Audio Streaming Model Actual Number of Users Charateristic End-User Behaviour Service Bandwidth Requirement (kbps) Total network Erlangs Down Stream PeakTime Network Bandwidth (Kbps) 1,260

Multi-Media Model...

96.0 36.8 4939.2 Kbps

Video Streaming Model Actual Number of Users Charateristic End-User Behaviour Service Bandwidth Requirement (kbps) Total network Erlangs Down Stream PeakTime Network Bandwidth (Kbps) 350

Total Network Erlangs (36.8) = Peak Period Call Attempts (0.5) x Session Duration (3.5 min) x Users (1,260)

153.5 11.7 2507.2 Kbps

Service Bandwidth (4,939.2 Kbps) = Total Erlangs (36.8) x Per Session BW (96 Kbps) x Peakedness Factor (1.4)

Assumptions Customer Characteristics: Average Session Duration Audio (min) Average Session Duration Video (min) BusyHour Call Attempts per Sub (Audio) BusyHour Call Attempts per Sub (Video) Percentage of Video Streaming Users Percentage of Audio Streaming Users

3.5 10.0 0.5 0.2 25% 90%

Mix of services take-up. Combined sum must lie between 100% and 200%.

Application Characteristics: Average Kbps per Audio Stream: Average Kbps per Video+Audio Stream: Peakedness Factor

96.0 153.5 1.4

Time Estimates - MP3 Audio Downloads in UMTS

Assumption 1: UMTS Avg. Data Rate 120-160 kbps. Burst Rate of 384 Kbps is
possible

Assumption 2: Content Duration of different audio applications Assumption 3: After Encoding at 21 kbps 250 kbps to suit UMTS Avg. Data rate
& Burst rate
File size of Music Audio 1 MB to 15 MB File size of News Audio 360 kb to 8 MB

Avg. Time taken to download Music Video

(58 minute content)

Avg. Time taken to download News Videos

(24 minute content)

UMTS
(120-160kbps)

At 120 kbps: 9 sec to 125 sec At 160 kbps: 7 sec to 94 sec

At 120 kbps: 3 sec to 67 sec At 160 kbps: 3 sec to 50 sec

FTP Model...
Actual Number of Users PeakTime Users Charateristic End-User Behaviour Average Size of the Message (Kbytes) Up Stream Total messages per day Total PeakTime Messages Simultaneous sessions required PeakTime Throughput [UL] Down Stream Messages per day per user PeakTime Messages(per user) Simultaneous sessions required PeakTime Throughput [DL] 40% 1,800 720

Peak Time Users (720) = Total Users (1,800) x Peak Users (40%) User Peak Time Msgs (0.6) = Peak Time Msgs (30%) x Total Daily Msgs (2) Simultaneous Sessions (5) = User Peak Msgs per Second (0.6 3,600) x Expected Download Time (30 sec) x Peak Time Users (720) x Peakedness Factor (1.4) Peak Throughput [UL] (172 Kbps) = Total KB per Object (256 KB) sec/hr (3,600 sec) Expected Download Time (30 sec) x Simultaneous Sessions (5)

1,024 2.0 0.6 5.0 172.0 Kbps 3.0 0.9 7.6 258.0 Kbps

30%

30%

Assumptions Customer Characteristics: PeakTime (in hours): PeakTime Users: Peak Traffic: Peakedness Factor Expected download time (sec) Application Characteristics: Total Number of Kbytes per object: Files Downloaded: Files Uploaded:

1.0 40% 30% 1.4 30

1,024 3 2

Telemetry Model Actual Number of Users Charateristic End-User Behaviour Service Bandwidth Requirement (kbps) Total network Erlangs Up Stream PeakTime Network Bandwidth (Kbps) 600

28.8 1.0 34.6 Kbps

Information Services Model...

Total Network Erlangs (1.0) = Peak Period Call Attempts (0.2) x Session Duration (0.5 min) x Users (600)

Pull-Services Model Actual Number of Users Charateristic End-User Behaviour Service Bandwidth Requirement (kbps) Total network Erlangs Down Stream PeakTime Network Bandwidth (Kbps) 600

56.0 15.0 1008.0 Kbps

Service Bandwidth (34.6 Kbps) = Total Erlangs (1.0) x Per Session BW (28.8 Kbps) x Peakedness Factor (1.2)

Assumptions Customer Characteristics: Average Session Duration Telemetry (min) Average Session Duration PullServices (min) BusyHour Call Attempts per Sub (Telemetry) BusyHour Call Attempts per Sub (PullServices) Percentage of PullServices Users Percentage of Telemetry Streaming Users

0.5 3.0 0.2 0.5 50% 50%

Mix of services take-up. Combined sum must lie between 100% and 200%.

Application Characteristics: Average Kbps per Telemetry Stream: Average Kbps per PullService Stream: Peakedness Factor

28.8 56.0 1.2

Personal Productivity Model

(Personal Information Manager)
Actual Number of Users PeakTime Bandwidth per User (Kbps) PeakTime Users UL Total PeakTime Bandwidth (Kbps) DL Total PeakTime Bandwidth (Kbps) Charateristic End-User Behaviour Average Transaction Size (Kbytes) Transaction Rate Transactions per PeakTime PeakTime(seconds) PeakTime Bandwidth per User(Kbps) Assumptions Customer Characteristics: PeakTime Users: PeakTime (in hours): Number of Transactions per user (per peak hour): UpstreamtoDownstream traffic ratio Application Characteristics: Number of Kbytes per transaction: Peakedness Factor 2,000 0.01 500 10.67 2.67

25%

Peak Time Users (500) = Total Users (2,000) x Peak Users (25%) Total Peak BW (10.67 Kbps) = Peak BW per User (0.01 Kbps) x Peak Time Users (500) x Peakedness Factor (2.0) Transaction Rate (0.0004) = Peak Period Transactions per User (1.5) Peak Period Duration (3,600 sec) Peak BW per User (0.01 Kbps) = Transaction Rate (0.0004) x Avg Transaction Size (3.2 KB)

3.2 0.0004 1.5 3,600 0.01 Kbps

1 2

25% 1.0 1.5 4 :1

3.2 2.0

eCommerce Model...
Actual Number of Users PeakTime Bandwidth per User (Kbps) PeakTime Users Total PeakTime Bandwidth (Kbps) Bandwidth per Session Average Length of Browsing (Min) Requests per ECommerce Session Bandwidth per Request per User (Kbps) Session Transaction Rate Session Bandwidth per User (Kbps) Charateristic End-User Behaviour Average Size of a Web page (Kbytes) PeakTime Sessions per User PeakTime (sec) PeakTime Bandwidth per User (Kbps) UL Total PeakTime Bandwidth (kbps) DL Total PeakTime Bandwidth (kbps) Assumptions Customer Characteristics: PeakTime (in hours): PeakTime Users: PeakTime Sessions per User Requests per session Length of eComm Session (min) E-Commerce Application Characteristics: Web page size (Kbytes): Overhead factor: Expected Response Time (seconds): DownstreamtoUpstream traffic ratio 30% 1,200 0.60 360 217.60

Peak Time Users (360) = Total Users (1,200) x Peak Users (30%) BW Request per User (256 Kbps) = Average Size of a Web-Page (160 KB) x Overhead Factor (1.2) Expected Response Time (6 sec) Session Transaction Rate (0.0113) = Requests per Session (8.5) Avg Length of Browsing (12.5 min) Session BW per User (2.9 Kbps) = BW Request per User (256 Kbps) x Session Transaction Rate (0.0113) Peak BW per User (0.6 Kbps) = BW Request per User (256 Kbps) x Peak Time Sessions per User (2) x Requests per Session (8.5) Peak Time Duration (7,200 sec) Total Peak [DL] BW (217.6 Kbps) = Peak BW per User (0.6 Kbps) x Peak Time Users (360)

12.5 8.5 256.0 0.0113 2.90 Kbps

160 2.0 7,200 0.60 Kbps 27.2 Kbps 217.6 Kbps

2.0 30% 2 8.5 12.5

160 1.2 6 8 :1

UMTS Architecture R2.x

Node-Bs Call Server RNC Iu-b Iu IMA E1s Iu-b RNC Iu-r Iu GGSN (Shasta) Wireless Gateway PSTN Gw

PCM E1s

Direct chaining of UMTS network elements creates the

potential for functionality to become stranded.

Configuring individual elements for multiple physicaltrunk routes produces inefficient link utilisation.

Protection and path redundancy is not effectively

managed at this element layer (access & edge).

Logical UMTS Architecture

Node-Bs Call Server RNC Iu-b Iu Iu-b IMA E1s RNC Iu-r Iu GGSN (Shasta) Wireless Gateway PSTN Gw

PCM E1s

STM-1
252 E1 252 E1 16 x STM1

PP8600

STM-1

STM-1 TN-16XE

252 E1

252 E1

STM-1 Channelised (IMA)

PP15K

PP15K

The Passport 15Ks represent the ATM cloud only and not a distribution of functionality

VSP + E1s

PP15K

Physical Transmission Architecture

Local Calling Areas (LCAs) CHT Concept

LKH 0836 TYH 03 HCC 03 MLH 037 TCC 04 CHH 04 YLH 05 KMH 0823 TNC 06 PHH 06 CYC 05 NTH 049 HLH 038 TPM 02

CHT has defined 19 LCAs

4 of them are offshore LCAs

ILH 039

LCA varies in
Surface Area Number of customers (Res and Bus)
I1 Area Code and Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 02 03 03 037 038 039 04 04 049 05 05 06 06 07 08 0823 0826 0836 089 TPM TYH HCC MLH HLH ILH TCC CHH NTH YLH CYC TNC PHH KSM PTH KMH KMW LKH TTH Taipei Taoyuan Hsinchu Miaoli Hualien Ilan Taichung Changhua Nantou Yunlin Chai Tainan Penghu Kaohsiung Pingtung Kinmen Wuchiu Matsu Tatung

KMW 0826

KSM 07 PTH 08

TTH 089

Network Design Decisions...

Central Office Call Server

1
Call Server ATM Core Wireless Gateway ATM Core RNC GGSN

2
Call Server

3
GGSN

GGSN PSTN Gw

ATM Core Wireless Gateway

PSTN Gw

Wireless Gateway

LCA PSTN /PoI Regional PoPs LCA PSTN /PoI

RNC

RNC

LCA PSTN/PoI

PSTN Gw

Call Flows - Architecture (1)

Central Office Call Server Call Server Call Server ATM Core Wireless Gateway ATM Core Wireless Gateway ATM Core Wireless Gateway

GGSN PSTN Gw Most RNC-toRNC hand-offs will be wihin an LCA (ie. a lot of traffic hairpinning) RNC

GGSN PSTN Gw RNC

GGSN PSTN Gw RNC

Carrying voice traffic back to the LCA at 64Kb/s

LCA PSTN /PoI Regional PoPs

LCA PSTN /PoI

LCA PSTN /PoI

Call Flows - Architecture (2)

Call Server Call Server Call Server

Central Office

ATM Core GGSN

ATM Core GGSN

ATM Core GGSN

PSTN Gw

Wireless Gateway RNC

PSTN Gw

Wireless Gateway RNC Wireless Gateways are under utilised

PSTN Gw

Regional PoPs Wireless Gateway RNC

LCA PSTN /PoI

LCA PSTN /PoI

LCA PSTN /PoI

Call Flows - Architecture (3)

Call Server GGSN Call Server GGSN Call Server

Central Office GGSN

ATM Core Hairpinned traffic is only voice and is less than20% of total traffic Regional PoPs Wireless Gateway Wireless Gateways are fully utilised

ATM Core Wireless Gateway

ATM Core Carrying voice traffic back to the LCA at 12.2Kb/s PSTN Gw

Wireless Gateway

RNC

LCA PSTN/PoI RNC

PSTN Gw

RNC LCA PSTN/PoI

LCA PSTN/PoI

PSTN Gw

Rights-of-Way and LCA Homing

s ] x x

x_ x_ s y

Local Calling Area Taipei Taoyuan Miaoli Ilan Hualien Hsinchu Taichung Chunghua Chaiyi Yunlin Nantou Tainan Kaohsiung Tatung Pingtung

C.O TP1 TP2 TP2 TP2 TP2 TCC TCC TCC TCC TCC TCC KSM KSM KSM KSM

Region Northern Northern Northern Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Central Southern Southern Southern Southern

n L

q q xn xn

xF

25 Kilometers

50

Proposed C.O. have been aligned with CHTs Local Calling Areas to facilitate both billing and community-of-interest issues. However, due to the mountainous separation of East from West, Ilan has been homed back to the Taipei Hsien C.O.

UMTS Network Design

C.O. Taipei Taoyua n Miaoli Ilan

Taipei

C.O.

Hualie n Pingtung

C.O.

Taichung

C.O.

Kaohsiun g

CS PSTN Gw Passport WGw Chunghu a Chaiy i Yunli n Hsinchu Nantou

Tatun g Tainan

RNC