Chapter 09: Communications and Networks: Mcgraw-Hill

Chapter 09: Communications and Networks
McGraw-Hill
Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Competencies (Page 1 of 2)
Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You
Discuss connectivity, the wireless revolution, and communication systems. Describe physical and wireless communications channels. Discuss connection devices and services, including dial-up, DSL, cable, satellite, and cellular. Describe data transmission factors, including bandwidths and protocols.
Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 9-2
McGraw-Hill
Competencies (Page 2 of 2)
Discuss networks and key network terminology including network interface cards and network operating systems. Describe different types of networks, including local, home, wireless, personal, metropolitan, and wide area networks. Describe network architectures, including topologies and strategies. Describe the organization issues related to Internet technologies and network security.
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Introduction
We live in a truly connected society. Increased connectivity potentially means increased productivity, especially in business. You will learn more about the concept of connectivity and the impact of the wireless revolution in this chapter.
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Communications
Computer communications is the process of sharing data, programs, and information between two or more computers Numerous applications depend on communication systems, including
E-mail Instant messaging Internet telephone Electronic commerce Global positioning systems (GPS)
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Communications Today
Connectivity uses computer networks to link people and resources The Wireless Revolution
Single most dramatic change in connectivity and communications has been widespread use of mobile telephones with wireless Internet connectivity
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Communication Systems
Four basic elements

Sending and receiving devices Communication channel Connection devices Data transmission specifications
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Communication Channels
Communication channels carry the data from one computer to another Two categories of communication channels
Physical connection Wireless connection
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Physical Connections
Ethernet cable (Twisted pair cable) Coaxial cable Fiber-optic cable
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Wireless Connections
Radio frequency (RF)

Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) Bluetooth (short-range) WiMax (extends Wi-Fi)
Microwave Satellite
Global positioning system (GPS)
Infrared
Short distances and line of sight
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Communication Channels Summary

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Connection Device Signals

Types of signals
Analog Digital
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Connection Devices
Types of modems
Telephone modem DSL (digital subscriber line) Cable modem Wireless modem (WWAN)
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Connection Services
Dial-Up services
Uses phone lines
Cable
Uses existing TV cable Speeds as fast as DSL
Leased lines T1
Faster T3 and DS3 Replaced by optical carrier (OC) lines
Satellite connection services

Use almost anywhere Slower than DSL and cable modem
Digital subscriber line (DSL)

Uses phone lines ADSL is most widely used type of DSL
Cellular Services
Use 3G and 4G cellular network to provide wireless connectivity
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Connection Costs and Speeds

Typical user connection costs, bandwidth speeds, and comparable time required to download an image
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Bandwidth
Measurement of the width or capacity of the communication channel Categories

Voice band (or low bandwidth) Medium band Broadband Baseband
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Protocols
Communication rules for exchanging data between computers Internet standard: TCP/IP (Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol)
Identification unique IP address Packetization broken down and reassembled
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Networks
A computer network is a communication system that connects two or more computers Allows exchange of information and resources
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Computer Networks
Node Client Server Directory server Host Switch Network interface cards (NIC) Network operating systems (NOS) Network administrator
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Network Types
Local area network (LAN) Home network Wireless LAN (WLAN) Personal area network (PAN) Metropolitan area network (MAN) Wide area network (WAN)
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Network Architecture
Arrangement is called topology Types of network topology

Legacy
Bus Ring
Current
Star Tree Hybrid Mesh
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Bus Network
Each device is connected to a common cable, called a bus or backbone All communications travel along this bus There is no host; messages are passed device-todevice in a sequence
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Ring Network
Each device is connected to two other devices No central file server or computer Useful in a decentralized environment
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Star Network
Most widely used network topology for both homes and large businesses Each device connects directly to a central network switch
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Tree Network
Each device is connected to a central node, either directly or through subordinate nodes Also known as a hierarchical network
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Hybrid Network
Combination of different topologies Large organizations have a complex network of smaller networks
These smaller networks use a variety of configurations When connected together, they form a hybrid
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Mesh Network
Does not use a specific physical layout, but requires that each node have more than one connection to other nodes Wireless technologies are frequently used
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Network Topologies
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Network Strategies
Terminal server network Client/server network Peer-to-peer (P2P) network Distributed processing network
Terminal Server
Client/Server
Peer-to-Peer 9-29
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Organizational Networks
Intranets
Private network within an organization Works like the Internet, where employees use browsers to access Web sites and Web pages
Extranets
Private network that connects organizations Works like the Internet, but provides suppliers and other trusted partners with limited access to the organizations networks
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Network Security
Firewalls
Combination of hardware and software Proxy server provides pass-through access Protects against external threats
Intrusion detection systems (NIDS) Virtual private networks (VPN)

Creates a secure private network connection between your computer and the organization
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Careers In IT
Network Administrator
Manages a companys LAN and WAN networks Maintains networking hardware and software, diagnosing and repairing problems that arise Candidates usually have a bachelors degree in computer science and practical experience Annual salary is typically between $48,500 and $79,000
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A Look to the Future

Telepresence Lets You Be There without Actually Being There

Seeks to create the illusion that you are actually at a remote location Early implementations mainly focus on an extension of video-conferencing
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Open-Ended Questions (1 of 2)
Define and discuss connectivity, the wireless revolution, and communications. Identify and describe the various physical and wireless communication channels. Identify the standard Internet protocol and discuss its essential features.
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Open-Ended Questions (2 of 2)
Discuss past and present network topologies. Define and discuss four common network strategies.
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Chapter 09: Communications and Networks

Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Four basic elements

Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Ethernet cable (Twisted pair cable) Coaxial cable Fiber-optic cable

Radio frequency (RF)

Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Communication Channels Summary

Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Connection Device Signals

Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Satellite connection services

Digital subscriber line (DSL)

Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Connection Costs and Speeds

Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Measurement of the width or capacity of the communication channel Categories

Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arrangement is called topology Types of network topology

Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Intrusion detection systems (NIDS) Virtual private networks (VPN)

Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

A Look to the Future

Telepresence Lets You Be There without Actually Being There

Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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