Reported by: LAVAREZ, Czarine Laiza

Cicero
The only Roman political writer who has exercised enduring influence throughout the ages. Lawyer and statesman. Studied Law in Rome; Philosophy in Athens. Believed in moderation, concord, constitutionalism.

Ciceros Death

In 43 B.C., he was murdered by the henchmen of Antony, a member of triumvirate set up after Caesars death.

*Henchman- a faithful follower or political supporter ,especially one prepared to engage in crime or dishonest practices. *triumvirate- a group of three powerful or notable people or things.

On Ciceros works
Appears to be a close imitation of Platos works. The inner meaning of his political views and outlook has a difference. Cicero had a sense of world, whereas Plato and Aristotle were never able to go beyond the conception of city-state as the ultimate in political organization..

Ciceros

The Republic and The Laws

Civic responsibility: Its duties and rewards The main types of State The best Constitution Natural Law and the Unity of Mankind

Civic Responsibility: its duties and Rewards

To do their own accord what they are compelled to do by the law.

-Cicero
I was amply repaid thereby for all the anxiety and vexation that resulted from the injustice done to me. And yet my sufferings brought me more honour than trouble, more glory than vexation, and the joy I found in the affectionate longing felt for me by good citizens -Cicero

The Main Types of State

Commonwealth or Democracy The property of a people

Kingship or Monarchy when the supreme authority is in the hands of one man.

Aristrocracy when selected citizens hold the power.

The Best Constitution:

The best constitution for a State to be that which is a balanced combination of the three forms mentioned, Kingship, Aristocracy, and Democracy.

Natural Law and The Unity of Mankind

Reason is the first common possession of man and God. Since the right reason is Law, we must believe that men have Law also in common with the gods. Those who share Law must also share Justice, and this right is based not upon mens opinions, but upon Nature. Justice binds all human society, and Is based on one Law, which is right reason applied to command and prohibition.

And as one and the same Nature holds together and supports the universe, all whose parts are in harmony w/ one another, so men are united by Nature.

Thats All
Salamat Karajaw
Sa Ijo Pagpamati !!!