Theme of the Presentation

Todays ater !risis is not a"out ha#in$ too little ater to satis%y our needs. It is a !risis o% mana$in$ ater so "adly that "illions o% &eo&le and the en#ironment su%%er "adly'
((os$ro#e and Ri)s"erman, *+++)

Dr. Muhammad Basharat

Additional Dir. (IWASRI, Lahore)

ON-GOING RESEARCH STUDIES UNDER APPROVED PC-II (200 !"0 # 20"2!"$%

"& Gro'n()ater *ana+ement (Re,har+e Potentia- an( Go.ernan,e% 2& En+ineerin+ E,onomi,s an( H/(ro-o+/ of Cana- 0inin+ $& Re'se of Sa-ine 1ater for A+ri,'-t're in R2OD an( 02OD Area

(ontents o% the 0resentation

Objectives of the Study; Background; Work done so far and Publications; Study area and Groundwater depth & uality behavior in !B"# co$$and; Groundwater "epth & %uality "istribution across &B&S' and in Punjab; Spatial #li$ate (ariability; &rrigation "e$and & Supply #o$parison for Punjab canal co$$ands; W)) *+,,+- allocations and .//+0/, supplies to Punjab canals *1abi & 2harif-; &ne uities in our &rrigation Syste$; #onclusions and 1eco$$endations; and 1echarge Options for Bari "oab3

GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT
(Recharge Potential and Governance) (2009 !")

2B34(TI54S

Identify areas of groundwater depletion and recharge potential; and

Develop conjunctive water management options to be implemented for long term sustainability of the resources.

BA(67R289D

Irrigation systems changed significantly, now increasingly dependent on groundwater. Simultaneously, groundwater depletion and waterlogging. Existing SW and GW institutions need to reorient while moving towards groundwater management; Water availability !!! m"#capita, li$ely to dip further i.e. %!! in &!&' and '!! in &!('; GW )epletion forcing conversion of centrifugal to turbine pumps; *ost of installing tubewells with )+W more than &( m is % times and pumping cost " times higher than if )+W is within , m; and -p.coning#lateral saline intrusion ha/ards.

Water Demand and A#aila"ility %or 0a:istan (*+,,;*+1+)

BA(67R289D

1! ,! (! )nnual (olu$e *5)6&! !! 1! ,! (! &! &! " &! ' &!&% &!&0 &!"" &!"' &!(% &!(0 &! % &! 0 &!&" &!&' &!"% &!"0 &!(" &!(' ! &! 2ive Storage 34567 +otal Water )emand 34567 Surface and GW availability 34567 8opulation 3million7 Bhasha Dam &!& 4ear &!"

('! (!! "'! Population *$illion"!! &'! &!! '! !! '! !

&!(

7L2BAL 7R289DWAT4R STR4SS

BA(67R289D

Indus Basin Irri$ation System

Why DTW #aries< Why Bari Doa" is de&letin$ the most<

Why DTW #aries< Why Bari Doa" is de&letin$ the most<

3une *++,

Why DTW #aries< Why Bari Doa" is de&letin$ the most<

2!to"er *++,

Why DTW #aries< Why Bari Doa" is de&letin$ the most<

2!t *++*

Irri$ation System 0er%orman!e Assessment ;a "a!:$round

BA(67R289D

IBIS desi$ned in sta$es and its !urrent 2=M oriented to ards sur%a!e ater mana$ement only> 7round ater under in!reasin$ threat in some areas; due to mismat!h "et een irri$ation demands and su&&lies> Irri$ation &er%orman!e ne#er e#aluated at system le#el.
?

8n&re!edented 7W de&letion in !ertain areas

Wor: Done So @ar

W+) data of I9IS was analy/ed and depleted areas identified; :echarge potential in different irrigated areas was estimated; Surface and groundwater analysis for 29)*, including estimation of groundwater pumping in the area; Groundwater management approaches adopted abroad studied; Groundwater management opinion survey; Irrigation system operations studied with necessary modifications re;uired for better groundwater management; Spatial variation in water supply and demand across canal commands in 8un<ab; 8ossibility = Extent of Saline Intrusion 5ssessment of recharge potential in Su$h.9eas is progress.

0u"li!ations
>ne blue report? Irrigation System Issues and Groundwater Governance; +hree papers published? .International#&.national <ournals7, four research papers in 8E *ongress; S&atial 5ariation In Irri$ation Demand and Su&&ly A!ross (anal (ommands in 0un)a"A Real IWRM (hallen$e B (A!!e&ted
"y Water 0oli!y 3ournal)> and

Rational Sur%a!e Water Mana$ementA A 0re;reCuisite %or 7round ater Mana$ement in 0a:istan B (su"mitted to
Irri$ation and Draina$e )ournal)

Study area = the a&&roa!h

,D+ Gro'n()ater e-e.ation (m% ,.+ ,G+ ,1+ ,F+ ,/+

NS04"56 &7m NS04"52 &6m

rise J !m-yr 0. ' /* .E *G .F NS04"66 ,/ .. ** .F *1 .. a#era$e

%all J !m-yr ,F. / *. ., /1 ., 1E .F *G .* *1 .E a#eer$a

(LH5III -* (LH5III -F (LHIIIF (LHI5I I-* 90LI,1 90LI,.

NS04"85& 5m

NS04"68 &9m

&2m NS04"60& 6m

,*+ J ,EF+ */.1 ,E1+ e J/,.F ,E,+ ,E*+ ,E/+ ,EG+ ,E.+ ,ED+ ,EE+ *+++ *+,+ 3ears

)+W 3m7 / 0 /3, /3, 0 +37 .' . " ".,

*lassified as "isaster Waterlogged 2i$ely to be waterlogged @ormal 3optimal7

)+W 3m7 ,.0 0. " +8 0 +9 : +9

*lassified as @ormal 3sub.optimal7 2i$ely to be depleted depleted ;ighly depleted

DTW in LBD(

,++ :a+e area 'n(er DT1 ,ater+or/ E+ D+ .+ G+ 1+ F+ /+ *+ ,+ + ,ED, ,ED/ ,ED1 ,ED. ,EDE ,EE, ,EE/ ,EE1 ,EE. ,EEE *++, *++/ *++1 *++. *++E 3ears K G++ LG++ L F1+ L /++ L ,1+

Sur%a!e Water Su&&lies in LBD( (ommand Re!ent annual (*++,;+E) deli#eries o% a"out FDFE a$ainst
GE1/?M(M o% (WR FF.,* M adds to 7W #ia !anals, W-(s and %ield a&&li!ation losses. ,+++ (onsum&ti#e use 9et su&&ly a#aila"le to !ro&s is a"out //.DM o% (WR. reCuirement
E++ D++ .++ Vo-'me (*C*% G++ 1++ F++ /++ *++ ,++ + 3an @e" Mar A&r May 3un 3ul Au$ Se& 2!t 9o# De! Di#ersions to LBD( at head @ield A#aila"le

(ro& ater reCuirement, sur%a!e ater and $round ater "alan!e in LBD( !ommand

7W De&letion rates (m-year)

01% to 00, 29)* )ivision 001 to &!!& 3drought7 &!!' to &!!1

A of change Wells 3m#yr7

A of change A of change Wells 3m#yr7 Wells 3m#yr7

9allo$i >$ara Sahiwal

Bhanewal

( ' % "

.!.!( .!.! !. , !. 0

( ( , ,

!."( !.0( !.'" !.'"

1 & (" ",

.!.!0 !.!( !. 1 !."(

7W minin$ in Sahi al and 6hane al Di#isions (..1G m, 7(A +.1EE Mha) %or this *, year &eriod (*1M s&e!i%i! yield) is a"out E.,. MA@.

7R289DWAT4R D40L4TI29 T2WARDS TAIL

Total $round ater &um&in$ is o% the order o% *..1 to /.* MA@ ith annual #ariations> Total annual &um&in$ !ost is o% the order o% *.*., Billion Ru&ees (assessed at *++G rates). A &art o% &um&in$ !ost !an "e sa#ed "y maintainin$ aterta"le ithin F+ %t %rom Cost ine;'it/ of land sur%a!e. +ro'n()ater <'m<in+
!." ! #.& #.% #.$ #." # 3 5 7 !! !3 !5 !7 ! Depth to watertable depth (m) from NSL "!

Pumping cost (Rs./M )

'onstruction 'ost (nergy cost )otal cost

Su"

TDS (&&m) *DE+ (.DG)

7round ater Nuality Analysis

,EG,;G* *++,;+* *++G;+. SAR TDS (&&m) *,,D (DF1) SAR TDS (&&m) SAR *D (G.D1) *E./ *+D+ (G.*) (,+*+) ,. (G.1)

(han$e in 7W Cuality Sli$htly deteriorated

,HB: ,HSh *H7$

F1 F+ /1 1+

,G1G ,E D*D* *GE., ,*F*+ 1F.D "e!omin$ saline /, ,+, "(' (,,DG) (,/./) (**G*) (*+..) (FGD+) FE.G (*/..)

%uality *E.+ *1
(E/+)

F...

*H2: /H/+ B
*1

:a+e of o=ser.ations

Safe# 1DF+ GD useable (,11D) (,*.1)

*.G+ /+ 4arginal *F.1 (.DD) (F..E)

(1.GF) (,+1*)

D <"S *pp$*GG*F/.1 F+.1

(1.1)

S)1 E.. ,F.* *$e Sli$htly =!(.**) (/.1) im&ro#ed

1S#

DG*, E*.* G/G1 C !!! C ! F1.1 /F.1 // (,D++) (,F.,) (,F,1) (D.G) *+G, ,*.+ ,*D+ !!! . &!!! !D (.FG) (F.,)** (1DE) (*..)

9o !han$e C &.'

*...

..E &.' D Im&ro#ed 1 '.!

/H*+ 7
,1

F.E+ /D Ea/ardous *.G+ (E+G) F+*1 (E1/)

DFFD GD FFDD TDS F &!!! F 1 /*.. ,..F F ' little "it 8sea"le (,D*F) (,F.*) (,G1/) (,1.1) (,,FE) (..D) im&ro#ed.

FHO ,+
1

Mar$inal *E *./E /,.1 OaPardo (G.FD) (,+EE) (E.G) us *+ /+F+ (1.EE) (,,+1)

*+F. (E,D)

/..D (D./) *G.G (D.F)

SAR in!reased sli$htly TDS same. SAR in!reased

1H(h + GHM .HAO DH8 DHM DHL

,EG,;G* *ED+ *G (EFE) (G.D.)

,*1+ (1*1) *, (/.E) ,E++ *F (,+,G) (,+.G)

*++,;+* *.1* *E.1 11D1 (EE/) (G./) (E1*)

*DFD (GF,) *+E/ (E1,) D.+D ,*FD (/.+F) (GF1) ,E.G (G.D)

/E.G *D*. (..G) (,,+*)

*++G;+. *F TDS and SAR

,,.G (/..) ,/.F (D.*)

(G..) "oth un!han$ed TDS and SAR "oth un!han$ed TDS and SAR "oth un!han$ed TDS redu!ed SAR same TDS and SAR "oth in!reased

,/+D* (D.*)

11*D // /*GF /G *G++ *E.F (,.E+) (,1.F) (,*EG) (,*./) (,1/1) (,G.D) ,.DF (D+D) /1./ (D.G) *F,E (,+DE) ,G.G /+D. ,F./ (1./) (*/F/) (,/.F)

Tra.e- Time Ca-,'-ations >or Sa-ine Intr'sion Ana-/sis Area Oydrauli! OoriPontal 6 0orosity 7W 5elo!ity
head (m) h, h* Distan!e (:m) (m-day) (:m-,++ years)

South o% ,1..1 ,1*. ,+.1 Sahi al 1 9;4 o% ,,1 ,+.. ,+.DD 3ahanian7round 1ater tra#els

,+ *+

+./* +./.

+.1F ,./G

a"out +.1;,.1 :m-,++

year> Whereas Sur%a!e ater tra#els a"out *1;1+ There is :m-day not mu!h #ulnera"ility o% lateral saline intrusion due to slo

7W mo#ement> Oo e#er, here there is saline ater underneath, !onsum&tion o% u&&er thin %resh ater layer "y &um&in$ is !ausin$ $radual deterioration o% &um&ed 7W Cuality.

DTW = 7W Nuality (om&arison in IBIS

DTW !om&arison a!ross IBIS

(2!to"er (om&arison o% DTW amon$st the &ro#in!es *++*) (3une, *+,,) '!
(' (! )rea *>"' "! &' &! ' ! ' ! & & !.0! ( , " 0! . '! '! . "!! " "!! . ('! ! ('! . ,!! && &! , % &' (" "0 8un<ab B8B Sindh#9alochistan &' &! &&

% ! ,!! . &!! F &!!

"<W 1ange *c$-

(om&arison o% DTW 60 (3une, *+,,)

!! 0! 1! %! 5rea 3G7 ,! '! (! "! &! ! ! !.( 4ardan .! 8eshawar :egion 0" 00 )epleted 3F &!!7 ,' @ormal 3 '!. &!!7 Waterlogged 3!. '!7 %.' )I Bhan (%.& ! &1 '&

!.' 9annu

(om&arison o% DTW in 0un)a"

,++ E+ D+ .+ G+ 1+ F+ /+ *+ ,+ + + + D +

(3une, *+,*)

,,

G1 EG.E E,.. De&leted (K ,*++) 9ormal (,1+; ,*++) /., ,.. +.G Thal Re!hna ED., ED./ D1.D DF.*

Area (M)

/F.F +.* Re$ion ,.. D7 6han ,*.* F.D Rahimyar 6han

S?16)#@ S)!&A&<4 5)P .//8

*on +aline +lightly +aline ,oderately +aline +trongly +aline

Water Nuality in 0un)a" and 606

7round ater Nuality in Bari Doa"

5reas under different )epths to water table 3>ct. &!!&7 in I9IS

Area (000 Ha% 'n(er DT1 ?ones (,m% 700 area 0- "00 "80 $00 @ 680- "0 "2 700 "20 0 "80 $00 680 00 0 F/. /1,. /DG. FGG. ThaDF.* *G, +.+ + 1 G + ,,.. ,F,. //. DG ,E. ,../ .D.D +.+ Ahan D G + 1 ,D*. /++. *DD. ChaB *.1 ,1., *+/ +.+ D D / Ra,hn /.. ,+.. # a # 2ari "##
!## "##

DTW /;G m is ideal

,+,. FG*. .G/. ,+G ,D . , * . *//. ,1, E/1 E G

&7 &7 &&& & !# ! 3" 3 5$ 5 7% 7 & #! ## #! #3 #" #3 #5 #$ #5 #7 #% ##7 #& !! # !# !! !"

$## Depth to <atertable 2cm3 3## $## %## *+D. ,FE. Depth to <atertable 2cm3 SCARP 5## ,.E G.F GG.G + 1 &## -7 %## 7## $71% 2/''3 !### '- .. /01% 2'0D'3 &## ,+. ,F/. ,GE. /DE. "&1!# 2-''3 '-4.I -01"45 2-0D'3 2h)-< D1., !"## ## D * G '-4=I1 2/9'3 '-4.II , -01$ 2-0D'3 'r !### !$## <4!&# '-4.I.2-9'3 -01! !!## 26a7patan3 +94!&5 2-9'3 !%## !"## !3##

+.* +.1 ,F.E E1./

**F +.+ Why so different )+W = GW depletion rates *1+ FG in I9ISH

8ears 29une 29une : : ;ctober3 ;ctober3 8ears

DTW distri"ution in Bari Doa"

(3une, *+,*)

2ARI Doa= +.+ (20"2% Area (:%

F+..

1E.*

+ ;,.1 ,.1 ; ,/ K ,/

Why is there so hi$h #ariation in De&th to Waterta"le a!ross &ro#in!es, Doa"s = !anal !ommands in IBIS<

Ma)or Reasons %or 5aryin$ DTW

S&atial (limate 5aria"ility> S&atial 5ariation in irri$ation Su&&lies> S&atial 5ariation in irri$ation demand> and The !han$es in sur%a!e %lo &atterns hi!h ha#e o!!urred o#er the &ast %i%ty years due to IWT;,EG+ India.

ith

(anal Water Allo an! e*../ ; 0un)a"A

/.// ; F.*+ !%s-,+++ a!.

VARIATION IN IRRIGATION DE*AND AND CANA0 SUPP0IES

Rainfa-- (e,reases "000 to C 200 mmD an( ETo in,reases "2"0 to 2""2 mm a,ross I2ISE

SindA D B ,1 !%s

A ra&id #ariation s&e!i%i!ally in 9orthern and (entral 0un)a"

(WA is #aria"le a!ross the !anal !ommands "ut ne#er re; e#aluated. Oo e#er, ithin !anal !ommands it is :e&t same> and There%ore, is a ma)or hurdle in inte$ration o% !anal and $round ater in 0a:istan.

Ann'a- norma- rainfa-- (mm%

,D++ ,.1+ ,.++ ,G1+ ,G++ ,11+

G++ 1++ F++ /++ *++ ,++ + Lahore

<hirty years nor$al *+,B+0.///rainfall and @<o

1+ . / ,. m m m m

Rainfa-- an( ETo for HSUs 'sin+ ID1 metho(

@aisala"ad

Multan

Rain%all di%%eren!e a"out /++ mm

Sim&le inter&olation

*eteoro-o+i,astations

4To di%%eren!e ,1+ mm

Ann'a- norma- ETo (mm%

SPATIA0 C-imati, .aria=i-it/

D++ .++

Ra in% all

,D1+

0arameters studied at 0un)a" le#el

4To and 4T! o% di%%erent !ro&s>

IDI an( ann'a- a.era+e ,anas'<<-ies (" 55 to 200 %D 1ater a--o,ations in 1AA of " " an( ann'a- a.era+e ,ana- )ater s'<<-ies 200"-200 D

In,reasin+ ETo in the (!s (ire,tion of I2IS

0!! 1'!
4To (mm-year) 1!!

A maQimum di%%eren!e o% *G+mm

%'! %!! ,'! ,!! ''! '!! ('!

-I*

-**

2J)E8528-:

2I*

+E52

6>:)W5E SI)E@5I :5@G8-: 95E5W52 5995SI5

"!! &%' &'! &&' &!! %' '! &' !! %' '! &' !

MaQ Di%%. o% ,11 mm 2I

* 29 )* 4 5I 2SI

MaQ Di%% o% *,E /++mm L3( *.1

*1+ **1 *++ ,.1 ,1+ ,*1 ,++ .1 1+ *1 + 3 @ M A LB D( MA ILS I

&'

MaQ Di%% o% *D.F mm

2I * 29 )*

E+c of Wheat 3mm7

E+c of :ice 3mm7

! M 3 3 A S 2 9 D I 5 S > @ ) I 6 4 5 4 I

5 4

>

IDI an( A.+& ann'a- ,ana- s'<<-ies an( Cro<<in+ Intensit/ (CI%
De<th of )ater (mm% o.er CCA *+++ ,D++ ,G++ ,F++ ,*++ ,+++ D++ G++ F++ *++ + Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual IDIa IDIa (anal Su&&ly (anal (I (M) Su&&ly *++ ,D+ ,G+ ,F+ ,*+ ,++ D+ G+ F+ *+ +

83(

8RL D.0ur

Thal

0a:&attan

MAILSI

ABBAS

9o !orrelation "et een IDI and !anal su&&lies> IDI is minimum %or 83(, so relati#ely hi$her !anal su&&lies (anal su&&lies are maQimum %or MS7 (DFEmm) (I is maQimum in Mailsi (,.,M), su&&lies are relati#ely less %or 0:&t,

Cro<<in+ Intensit/ (:%

(om&arison o% WAA allo!ations and *++,;+E su&&lies durin$ 6hari% and Ra"i season

6hari%
F.+ /.1 /.+ *.1 *.+ .o-'me (*A>% Aharif ,.1 ,.+ +.1 +.+ L3( L(( 8RL D.0ur Naim WAA Allo!ation *++,;+E A#$. Su&&lies /.1 /.+ *.1 *.+ Ra=i .o-'me (*A>% ,.1 ,.+ +.1 +.+ L3(

Ra"i
WAA Allo!ation *++,;+E A#$. Su&&lies

L((

8RL D.0ur

Naim

No Major Difference b/w supply and WAA Allocations.

Rabi supplies are 30% less than WAA due to low ri er flows ! loss in online stora"e.

Perennia- Non-Perennia-

S'rfa,e f-o) ,han+es o.er <ast 80 /ears (after I1T%

Annual a#era$e %lo s (MA@)

0&&., %.! (.!

01'.0( &!!!.!( :avi (.% !.0( Sutle< ". !. &

SPECI>IC CONC0USIONS-Deman( an( S'<<-/A

5bsence of environmental flows particularly in Sutle< and :avi :ivers is adding towards groundwater depletion in 9ari )oab; and IW+ of 0,! with India has been only partially successful, without the provision of environmental flows. +here is need to rationali/e canal water allocations and declaration of perennial and non.perennial irrigated areas.

Cana- 1ater Distri='tion Ine;'it/ =/ .irt'e of (esi+n

Cana- 1ater Distri='tion Ine;'it/ =/ .irt'e of (esi+n

Distri"ution ineCuity at head, middle and tail rea!hes o% distri"utaries and minors already ell re&orted> 7o0un)a" esta"lished 0MI8 %or %urther im&ro#ement o% sur%a!e ater eCuityA
,++ 1ater 'sa+e at fie-( (,m% E+ D+ .+ G+ 1+ F+ /+ *+ ,+ + 1ater,o'rse n'm=er hea( to tai- of 02DC ,omman(

Distri"ution IneCuity alon$ Water!ourse<

Oaed 8&&er Middle lo er middle tail

2n indi#idual "asis, tail;end %armers re!ei#e /+ to .+M

Bari Doa" (Mailsi (ommand)

In!reasin$ DTW a massi#e e!onomi! loss to %armers

7round ater Nuality in Bari Doa"

0o)er <art of 2ari Doa=

2F1ater A--o,ation Ine;'it/ "FDeman ( Ine;'it/ $FDistri='tio n Ine;'it/ 6F1ater,o'sre Ine;'it/ 8FRe,har +e Ine;'it/

Gro'n()ater Deman( an( S'<<-/ Ine;'it/

There%ore, "e%ore mo#in$ to ards any meanin$%ul $round ater mana$ement, e need to rationaliPe sur%a!e su&&lies %orm IBIS, &ro#in!e, !anal !ommand, distri"utary till the last unit i.e. ater!ourse le#el.

8revailing Ine;uity in Irrigation System

*anal networ$ seepage losses up to outlet already ta$en into account; Eowever, crop water demand increases towards tail of the system; GW depletion in tail ends of the canal commands at very high rates in contrary to head ends; Seepage losses within the W#* not accounted for; Watercourse tail.end farmers receive "! to '!G less canal water as compared to their counterparts at head.end;

Irri$ation ineCuity the %armer is %a!in$ ith> Irrigation demand increases towards south i.e. Irrigation )emand Ine;uity; 6rom head to tail of watercourse command called Supply Ine;uity; and Ine;uity of GW Kuality, pumping re;uirement and pumping costs.

So, GW management = governance is not that simple in our irrigation system

CONC0USIONS AND RECO**ENDATIONS

6resh assessment of crop water re;uirement, cropping patterns and intensities, and existing allocations is strongly recommended; :e.allocating canal water for e;uity in relative irrigation demand rather than supply at I9IS, provincial and canal command levels is crucial; 9efore moving to groundwater management, e;uity of surface water needs to be ensured, especially at farm gate. 5t watercourse level, time allocation need to be successively increased towards tail reach; +he capacity of groundwater institutions be developed to perform $ey functions of planning, research and providing technical support at regional#local level; 6rame a national water law for regulation of surface and groundwater; Su$h.9eas channel be rehabilitated for groundwater recharge in central and lower parts of 9ari )oab during flood season. :estriction on installation of new wells has mostly been tried elsewhere. In I9IS this approach will further enhance existing GW use ine;uity between owners and non.owners of wells; Some suitable restriction on GW pumping is re;uired. 6or this controlling cropping intensity and pattern is the most suitable #onstruction of $ega reservoirs should be the first priority ;

 In#estments in draina$e ha#e "een si$ni%i!ant in 0a:istan durin$ the de!ades o% .+s to early E+s> Waterlo$$in$ still a%%e!ts lar$e tra!ts o% landA > 4#en a%ter %our years drou$ht &eriod (,EEE;*++*), su"stantial tra!ts o% a$ri!ultural lands mostly in (83(, u&&er &arts o% L3() ere aterlo$$ed.> and > Similarly, !anal !ommands ith hi$her Irri$ation Demand IndeQ "ut ith hi$her !anal su&&lies and lo !ro&&in$ intensity are also aterlo$$ed. Ra"i !anal su&&lies are a"out /+M less than WAA allo!ations, due to lo ri#er su&&lies and loss in online stora$e. 7round ater has "e!ome out o% rea!h o% Small @armers in lo er &arts o% Bari Doa".

Im<a,t of EGistin+ Cana- 1ater A--o,ations on G1

2&tions %or 7W Mana$ement

Maintainin$ 7W "alan!e o#er et;drou$ht !y!le is the net reCuirement %or resour!e sustaina"ilityA Mainly t o o&tions i.e.A Re!har$in$ to the tune o% 0um&in$> 0um&in$ to the tune o% re!har$in$ "y means o% 7W $o#ernan!eT 2r an a&&ro&riate miQ o% "oth the t o o&tions. 7W 7o#ernan!e is a !at!h ord, di%%i!ult to im&lement due to la!: o% te!hni!al eQ&ertise, &oliti!al and so!ial insta"ility and &oor $o#ernan!e in $eneral.

(ro& Di#ersi%i!ation and !ontrol o% (ro&&in$ Intensity

Water withdrawal can be reduced partly by diversifying to low delta crops; In $harif, rice may be replaced with mai/e, pulses and oilseeds; whereas in :abi wheat may be replaced with oilseeds and gram. +he second important step can be limiting the cropping intensity according to the available water resources in the area. 6or all the above tas$s, there is dire need to establish a central groundwater authority at federal level with the mandate for policy and planning, and provincial bodies with implementation and regulation roles;

:echarge >ptions for 9ari )oab

Su:h;Beas I9TR2D8(TI29

BS Link I Escape to Sukh-Beas River

Beas Ri#er Si&hon under BS Lin:;,

Su:h;Beas Ri#er "BS Lin: = SMB Lin:

Su:h;Beas Si&hon under SMB Lin:

@8RTO4R 02I9TS 2@ ST8DU

Oydrolo$i!al study o% ri#er ater a#aila"ility> (a&a!ity and o&eration o% Barra$es and Lin: (anals> Reha"ilitation o% Di#ersion $ates to Su:h;Beas Detailed in#esti$ation %or hydrauli! and in%iltration !a&a!ity o% Su:h;Beas !hannel> and Re!har$in$ &ossi"ilities in Sutle) Ri#er.

Lery preliminary recharge estimates for an area e;uivalent to 29)* command? With ,,%!! cfs for two months is !.1 456, which is !.(! ft water depth and ., ft GW depth; and With ',!!! cfs for two months is !., 456, is !."! ft water depth and .& ft GW depth.

Thank You
For the patience

7W 4le#ation (ontour Ma& Lahore

Rational %or 7round ater Mana$ement in 0a:istan

I9IS Irrigation )emand and Supply 5ssessment 5cross and 5mongst Sectors e.g. )omestic, 5griculture, 8rovinces and below Botri etc.

8un<ab M B8B Irrigation )emand and Supply 5ssessment 5mongst *anal *ommands

Sind M 9aluchistan Irrigation )emand and Supply 5ssessment 5mongst *anal *ommands

:ationali/e Water 5llocations

*ompare )ifferent Irrigation -nits in terms of Water )emand, Supply = Groundwater *onditions Select 5reas in need of GW 4anagement

:ationali/e Water 5llocations

Study in detail available water resources i.e. surface, groundwater and rainfall and crop water re;uirement along with other uses +ry a combination of most suitable interventions e.g. recharge, control on cropping pattern and intensity

?evaluate the impact of interventions and re4adjust according to groundwater response observed over the years

Re!ommended Ste&s %or 7round ater Mana$ement

Sele!t areas in need o% $round ater mana$ement> Study in detail a#aila"le ater resour!es i.e. sur%a!e, $round ater and rain%all> De#elo& $round ater model %or studyin$ more !riti!al areas and sele!t u&&er and lo er "ounds o% de&th to aterta"le (7W ele#ation) in these areas> (arry out detailed !ro& ater reCuirement estimation and sele!t a&&ro&riate !ro&s and their intensity mat!hin$ ith a#aila"le ater resour!es> Sele!t the !om"ination o% most suita"le inter#entions e.$. re!har$e, !ontrol on !ro&&in$ &attern and intensity in the area> De#elo& suita"le arran$ements %or !ontrol on $round ater a"stra!tion> and Re#aluate the im&a!t o% inter#entions and re;ad)ust a!!ordin$ to the res&onse o"ser#ed o#er the years.