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DEFINITION
COMMUNICATION
regards as a transactional process/model as a transactional model communication is: Dynamic
Ongoing process
No start and end points
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Circle (Circular)
Circle process
message
from
Both sender and receiver have their own role and are influencing each other
Non-repetitive
reaction & response can be repeated but not exactly in the same way as before A word once spoken cannot be taken back
Definition
two-way process, and have behavior impact Source with intention encoding & sending message through selected channel to receiver aiming to produce certain behavior.
Feedback
(Source: Mohd Baharudin Othman & Mohd Khairie Ahmad, 2003)
Source/Sender
Source/sender: Refers to an individual or a group or person that sends information
FUNCTIONS: encoding message source exchange message into verbal or nonverbal symbol
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determine intention/ select communication channel to deliver/convey message interpret message which delivered by the sender
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Message
derives from encode process a set of symbol (verbal/non-verbal) or content of information sent by sender of message.
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Selected verbal or nonverbal symbol gives a specific meaning to receiver verbal or non-verbal behavior may enhance the meaning of the given message
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Channel
A medium used to convey information from a sender (or transmitter) to a receiver
Communication channels can be categorized into two main categories: Direct and Indirect channels of communication
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example: i. face to face communication, ii. letter iii. magazine iv. radio v. e-mail vi. telephone vii. chatting room) internet
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Channel is selected based on: target audience or message receiver message type
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Receiver
Refers to an individual or a group or person that receive information from sender/source of message Function: Decode a message: is the reverse of encoding, which is the process of transforming information from one format into another
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Feedback
Purpose of feedback is to change and alter messages so the intention of the sender is understood by the receiver of the message. Sender and receiver share response
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Response from: sender: involves conscious and unconscious demand towards verbal and non-verbal signal such as face expression, physical signal or behavior changes
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receiver: gives feedback to sender by channeling information consciously, clearly and with minimum barrier
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Channel is selected based on: target audience or message receiver message type
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TYPE OF COMMUNICATION
1. 2. 3. 4. Mass communication Organizational communication Group communication Dyadic Communication
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Mass communication CHARACTERISTICS: i. The size of the target audience is normally big, heterogeneous, and anonymous ii. Message is channel publicly i. Reach big audience and the same time
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Organizational communication
Interdependence process between individual,exchanging and interpreting message
Main aim: to achieve organization objective
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Group communication
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The bigger the group the higher the needs of having a leader Possibility of leader to over rules group function Difficult to achieve consensus among members
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Dyadic Communication
Also known communication. as interpersonal
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is simply a method of communication that only involves two people such as a telephone conversation or even a set of letters sent to and received from a penpal.
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In this communication process, sender can immediately receive and evaluate feedback from the receiver.
thus, it allows for more specific tailoring of the message and more personal communication that do many of the other media.
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MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
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example: chatting
Information source: Brain/Presumably a person who creates a message Transmitter: Voice
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Information source
transmitter
receiver
destination
signal
message
Received signal
message
Noise source
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If there are obstacles in communication channel, thus there would be a higher need to redundancy, to reduce entropy
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models
Source Encoder Signal Decoder Destination
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source encoder
signal
decoder destination
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Interpreter Decoder
Third Model: both, sender and receiver interact by encoding, interpreting, re-coding, sending and receiving information/message
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Regards as an easy model Assume: A sending information to B about something, which is X A behavior towards B and X is interdependence X: regards as an object to approach or to avoid
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SOMETHING (X)
INDIVIDUAL A
INDIVIDUAL B
Communication barriers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Vocabulary Relationship between words Selective observation Failure in giving feedback Bipolar thinking Bypassing: giving information in one short Judgment tendency
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Communication function in increasing development growth Mass Media Communication. Changes: introducing new values
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new behavior in line with modernization introducing new skill new knowledge
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Knowledge source
Gives new sight by exposing the audience about experience
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6. Help people to find new values or norms as well as harmonization in certain period of time 7. Enhance patriotism value 8. Help public to realize their right and their importance in community
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9. Enable to plan and to conduct development programs which in line with people
political
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ii. Chances to the public to involve in d decision-making process iii. Educating workforce that with nation needs in line are suitable
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