Sejarah perkembangan fotografi Bahagian asas dan fungsi kamera Jenis-jenis dan aksesori kamera Jenis-jenis filem Teknik

knik penggambaran Komposisi Fotografi digital

Point and shoot SLR and DSLR

Twin lens reflex camera Twin Lens cameras have two look-alike lenses, hence the name "twin lens." The scene before the camera is actually photographed through the bottom lens while viewed through the top lens. As the picture is focused through the top lens, the bottom lens is ad usted at the same time.

The !ingle Lens "eflex #!L"$ uses a series of mirrors so that one may view the scene to be photographed through the same lens that takes the picture. %hen the shutter release is depressed the lower mirror snaps up, the picture is taken, and the mirror returns to its original position. #&ence, a "reflex" action.$ At the time the picture is taken, the viewfinder is blackened for a split second.

digital sensor filem

!emakin banyak cahaya yang atuh pada media ini, semakain cerah gambar tersebut

Media yang sensitif kpd cahaya(lightsensitive device)

#filem atau digital sensor$

Lensa 'kanta
besarkan dan fokuskan ime pada media sensitif cahaya melalui satu pembukaan #aperture$

Shutter
(uka dan tutup bila shutter release dilepaskan, benarkan cahaya masuk

Viewfinder
tempat kita lihat melalui kamera untuk pilih bahagian gambar yang diperlukan dan fokus

Digunakan untuk membentuk imej yang jelas di atas fillem/digital sensor Diukur dalam unit mm! yang menentukan fo"al length #jarak fokus$ Fo"al length yang berlainan membentuk sai% imej yang berlainan

sesuatu lensa diukur dalam bentuk mm yang dikenali sebagai fo"al length! & jenis utama'

(ormal/ Standard/bia sa Telephoto/ Foto Jauh

)ide angle #bidang luas$

(ormal/ standard lens #paparkan se"ara tepat apa yang boleh dilihat oleh mata manusia$ * "th +,mm Telephoto )ide angle #paparkan ka-asan yang lebih luas$ * kurang daripada standard fo"al length. "th /0 1 &+mm

Prime lens #mempunyai fo"al length yang tetap. "th &+mm. 2,,mm$ 3a"ro Fisheye #uses an angle of 4ie- up to 25, degrees6 The angle distorts the photograph so the four sides appear to be farther a-ay$ Tele"on4erter #7 tele"on4erter atta"hes bet-een the "amera and another lens6 8t in"reases the fo"al length of your lens$

memba-a objek jauh ke jarak yang dekat

9,-&,,mm 5+-2/,mm 2&+-/,,mm &,,-:,,mm

3empunyai gabungan beberapa jenis kanta pada satu unit

/5mm-+,mm #sudut luas ke normal$ +,mm-2,,mm #normal ke sederhana$ 9,-/,,mm #normal ke jauh$ 2&+-&,,mm #sederhana ke jauh$

) !hutter speed #kela uan pengatup$ ) *!+ #,--, .--, /-- 0 dua kali ganda$ ) Aperture #sai1 bukaan lensa$

;e<posure; jumlah "ahaya yang masuk pada media. filem atau digital sensor

Tempoh pembukaan pengatup nit ukuran ! saat " pecahan"fraction #cth2 ,',---, ,'3-$.

The shutter speeds are ,'3-th of a second, ,'4-th of a second, ,',.5th of a second, ,'.5-th of a second, etc. 6oving from one speed to the next one halves the amount of light that can enter the camera. +n the other hand, moving the other way, to a slower shutter speed, doubles the amount of light that can get into the camera. The change from one speed to another #and halving or doubling the light that enters the camera$ is called moving a stop.

!hutter speed tidak boleh kurang daripada focal length. 7th2 ika guna lensa .--mm, shutter speed sekurang-kurangnya ,'.-- sec

Ka-asan yang jelas dalam Ditentukan oleh aperture dan jarak fokus

The following depth of field test was taken with the same focus distance and a .-- mm lens #3.- mm field of view on a 35 mm camera$, but with various apertures2

f'8.-

f'5.4

f'..8

9awasan mana yang elas: ;enis aperture apa yang boleh digunakan untuk menghasilkan gambar ini:

Aperture:

<roses mengeluarkan warna yang tidak dikehendaki supaya ob ek yang berwarna putih akan ditun ukkan sebagai warna putih dalam gambar (erkaitan dengan color temperature satu cara untuk menyukat kualiti punca cahaya (*t is based on the ratio of the amount of blue light to the amount of red light, ignoring green light$ .

#eddish"$ellowish image

%orrect white balance

=ambar mana mempunyai white balance yang betul:

*ncorrect white balance

7orrect white balance

=pti"al %oom * gunakan lensa pada kamera untuk memba-a sabjek jauh kepada jarak dekat Digital %oom * "rop bahagian gambar berkenaan dan membesarkan bahagian yang di"rop sahaja * kualiti terjejas

The rule of thirds simply says that, instead of placing the main focus of interest in the centre of the frame, which gets a little boring, that you look to position it on an intersection of the thirds. That is to say one third up and one third in or two thirds up and one third in etc <lacing the boat near the top of the picture tells the viewer that what they are supposed to be looking at is the reflection

railroad tracks bring your eye from the railroad worker to the train wreck behind him2

the child is framed between the lines of the abacus

the child drawing on the ground is the foreground element, but the children behind him add an additional layer. *t shows that he is participating in an activity with others and isn>t ust by himself.

the sub ect in very bright light wearing colorful clothes while the rest of the image is very dark.

the sky acts as the negative space and balances the buildings in the frame.

selectively focusing on the girl to draw attention to her and separate her from the environment.

!hot from high angle

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