STUTTERING

Presentation by Nina Stein

Guess who?
Five out of ten famous people on the list stuttered at some point in their life. Do you know their names?

Brad Pitt, Julia Roberts, Whitney Houston, Marylin Monroe, Bill Clinton, Bruce Willis, David Beckham, Elvis Presley, Michael Jackson, Tiger Woods.

Marylin Monroe
Marylin Monroes famous breathy voice came as a result of childhood stuttering. A speech therapist taught her how deliberate breathing prior to speaking could guide her to fluency.

Statistics
Over 3 million Americans stutter.

Stuttering affects 4 times as many males as females.

Some 25% of all children go through a stage of development during which they stutter. Approximately 60% of those who stutter have a family member who does also.

Definition and symptoms

Stuttering is a communication disorder in which the flow of speech is broken by: - repetitions, - prolongations, - abnormal stoppage of sounds or syllables.

Causes
There are four factors most likely to contribute to development of stuttering: - genetics, - child development,

- neurophysiology,
- family dynamics.

Therapies
Stuttering therapies can be divided into two types:

1. Stuttering modification.
2. Fluency shaping. Often, especially with younger students, recommendations center on altering the environment of the child who stutters.

Adaptive/assistive technology
The following technology devices are commonly utilized by people who stutter: - Stutter devices that use DAF (Delayed Auditory Feedback). - DMAF (Digital Mixed Auditory Feedback) that uses natural components of speech.

Medical discoveries
The recent medical discoveries are focused on the following areas: - brain- research revealed the evidence between anatomic anomalies and the risk for the development of stuttering. - genetic makeup- research focuses on finding the genes involved in stuttering.

Family resources
1. Anne Arundel County Infant and Toddler Program

1450 Furnace Ave., Glen Burnie, MD 21060

2. The Stuttering Foundationwww.stutteringhelp.org/resources 3. Center for Stuttering Therapy- www. cfst.com

Match the terms with the definitions:

Quiz

TERMS: stuttering

DEFINITIONS: Delayed Auditory Feedback number of Americans who stutter therapy approach local family resource fluency disorder

3 million fluency shaping

infant and toddler program

DAF.

Answers:
The highlighted names are people that had stuttering problems.

Brad Pitt, Julia Roberts, Whitney Houston, Marylin Monroe, Bill Clinton, Bruce Willis, David Beckham, Elvis Presley, Michael Jackson, Tiger Woods.