0

The Switchyard of Vindhyachal Super Thermal Power Station is mainly divided in to two parts. i) 400 KV Switchyard

ii) 13 KV Switchyard The switchyard of VSTPS is one of the lar!est Switchyard availa"le in #ndia.

BUS SYSTEM$
i) 400 KV Switchyard$
The 400 KV switchyard is havin! %&"us confi!uration with a transfer "us runnin! all alon! the len!th of the yard.

'(S S)*T#+,-.#S)/ 0-#, '(S 1

0-#, '(S 3 0-#, '(S 2

'(S *+(P.)/ 0-#, '(S

0-#, '(S 4 0-#, '(S %

T/-,S1)/ '(S

400 KV SWITCHYARD

MAIN BUS:
There are two main "uses.The main "uses are sectionali3ed throu!h *.'.4 isolators.+ne main "us is sectionali3ed in to "us 1 and 3 4 the other "us is sectionali3ed in to "us and "us 4.Similarly there are two sectionali3ers for "us no. 4 and 2 5Sta!e ###). % conductors are inter connected to construct the main "us to maintain "alance in load. -t "ay no 6 and 16 there are two "us couplers.-t "ay no.6 the "us coupler interconnects main "us 1 and and at "ay no. 16 the "us coupler interconnects main "us 3 and 4.This "us couplin! is done "y a *T7- *'7- 8*' isolator and two panto!raph isolator.

Transfer 'us

"#I E$S !I

CB

!A

#T

!I

E%&i'()*t+ 'r,-id)d i* 400$./0 KV Switchyard+

1.*ircuit 'rea9ers .#solators i).ine isolators ii)'us #solators 3.*urrent transformers 4.*apacitive volta!e Transformers. 2.:ave traps %..i!htnin! -rrestors. ;./elays

10.Se>uential )vent /ecorders. 11.'us *onductors. i)-*S/ 0oose *onductor7 24?;?3.23 5for 400 KV 'us) ii)-*S/ Panther *onductor 30?;?3.0 5for 13 KV 'us) 1 .Shunt /eactors 13.)arth Switches 14.)arth conductors. 12.*ompressors

CIRCUIT BREAKER
@CIRCUIT BREAKER IS A VITA! !INK IN AN E!ECTRICA! NETW1RK2AS IT SA3E#AURDS THE C1ST!Y E!ECTRICA! E4UI"MENT BY IS1!ATIN# THE 3AU!TY CIRCUITS @THE RE!IABI!ITY 13 THE CIRCUIT BREAKER ASSUMES CRITICA! IM"1RTANCE

@What i+ a circ&it Br)a5)r6 @7 #,,d c,*d&ct,r i* c8,+)d c,*diti,* @7 I*t)rr&'t +h,rt circ&it c&rr)*t+ i* ca+) ,9 +y+t)( 9a&8t+ ,* c,((a*d @7 #,,d i*+&8ati,* i* ,')* c,*diti,* @7 C8,+) ,* t, 9a&8t ,* c,((a*d

Ba+ic )8)()*t+ ,9 circ&it Br)a5i*: 7 Th) )++)*tia8 )8)()*t+ ,9 circ&it ;r)a5i*: ar) a+ +h,w*
/).-A *.T. *.'.

7 Circ&it ;r)a5)r+ c,**)cti,*+ t, th) 8i*) ar) (ad) thr,&:h ;&+hi*:+ 7 C&rr)*t i+ +)*+)d ;y th) c&rr)*t tra*+9,r()r+ <CT=+) 7 3a&8t c&rr)*t i+ 9)d t, 'r,t)cti-) d)-ic) < R)8ay) 7 Tri' c,i8 :)t+ )*)r:i>)d a*d +)*d+ c,((a*d t, th) ()cha*i+( 9,r ,')*i*:

D)9i*iti,*+

S)-)ra8 i(',rta*t d)9i*iti,*+ &+&a88y c,*+id)r)d with th) +witch:)ar a''8icati,*: BA''8i)d -,8ta:): Thi+ i+ th) R M S -,8ta:) a''8i)d t, th) circ&it ;r)a5)r i(()diat)8y ;)9,r) it c8,+)+

R)c,-)ry -,8ta:):Thi+ i+ d)9i*)d t, ;) th) -a8&) ,9 th) RMS -,8ta:) that r)a'')ar+ acr,++ th) ',8)+ ,9 th) circ&it ;r)a5)r +h,rt8y a9t)r 9i*a arc )?ti*cti,* R)+tri5i*: -,8ta:): Thi+ i+ th) tra*+i)*t -,8ta:) that a'')ar+ acr,++ th) arc :a' i(()diat)8y a9t)r th) c&rr)*t >)r, a*d i+ &+&a88y charact)ri>)d ;y th) rat) ,9 ri+) a*d cr)+t -a8&)

B Ma5i*: c&rr)*t Thi+ i+ th) ')a5 -a8&) ,9 th) c&rr)*t i* th) 9ir+t (a@,r c&rr)*t 8,,' !ar:)+t i*+ta*ta*),&+ c&rr)*t Ma?i(&( )8)ctr,dy*a(ic +tr)++ Br)a5i*: c&rr)*t Thi+ i+ d)9i*)d a+ th) RMS c&rr)*t which i+ ,*) ,9 th) 9act,r+ d)t)r(i*i*: th) a(,&*t ,9 arc )*)r:y which th) ;r)a5)r+ c,*tact+ ha+ t, d)a8 with

B Sh,rt ti() c&rr)*t< STC) RMS -a8&) ,9 c&rr)*t which ;r)a5)r (&+t carry 9,r a +')ci9i)d ')ri,d . ,r / +)c+

Thi+ ha'')*+ wh)* 9a&8t c&rr)*t which ha+ t, ;) c8)ar)d ;y a*,th)r circ&it ;r)a5)r

Thi+ a;*,r(a8 c,*diti,*+ +h,&8d *,t ;) a88,w)d t, c,*ti*&) 9,r 8,*:)r d&rati,* 7 1-)r 8,adi*: d)cr)a+)+ th) )?')ct)d 8i9) +'a* ,9 a* )%&i'()*t 7 R)(,-a8 ,9 +h,rt circ&it i+ :)*)ra88y carri)d ,&t ;y circ&it ;r)a5)r+ <Switch:)ar) i* 8ar:) ',w)r +y+t)(+ a*d 9&+)+ i* +(a88 i*+ta88ati,*+

C&rr)*t Tra*+9,r()r
The *Ts are hermetically sealed units7 and are suita"le for outdoor use. The steel tan9 supports the primary windin! which passes throu!h the porcelain housin! to terminals in top cham"er. The primary windin! is lin9ed with rin! type cores havin! independent secondary windin!s connected to secondary terminals in a terminal "oC on the tan9 side. The whole assem"ly forms a common space for oil and is sealed from the atmosphere7 the top cham"er servin! as an eCpansion cham"er. The space a"ove oil is filled with ,itro!en which acts as a cushion for chan!es in oil volume due to temp. variation.

*apacitor Volta!e Transformer

.#,)

*1

Tunin! /eactor

.in9 3 .in9

.in9 1

*ouplin! Dmer card

81 Si!nal to P.**'oard

*-P-*#T+/ V+.T-E) T/-,S1+/0)/

Ca'acit,r V,8ta:) Tra*+9,r()r

The *apacitor Volta!e Transformers 5*VTS) are used for supplyin! volta!e si!nal to the measurin! instruments and protective relays. Simultaneously the *VTs are used as couplin! capacitors for Power .ine *arrier *ommunication 5P.**)

Ca'acit,r V,8ta:) Di-id)r

#t comprises of capacitor units housed in porcelain weather casin!. The "ottom capacitor housin! is permanently fiCed over the )0 unit at an appropriate point to !ive an intermediate volta!e of a"out ? 3 KV correspondin! to the nominal volta!e. The 8ermetical sealin! of )0 unit is done alon! with the "ottom *apacitor mounted over it.:here as other capacitor housin! are independently sealed.

E8)ctr,(a:*)tic <EM) U*it

)0 (nit consists of$ @-dFusta"le medium volta!e tunin! reactor.The reactance is adFusted to tune with the total capacitance of hi!h volta!e and intermediate volta!e

@The #ntermediate Volta!e Transformer 5#VT) with Volta!e correction tappin! windin! at earth end of the primary. @Separate secondary windin! for measurement and protection. @Terminal "oC7provided with 0% si3e secondary terminals7fuses7the earthin! lin9s. The electroma!netic unit is housed in the steel tan9 and filled with transformer oil.The nitro!en cushion is provided to compensate for the variations in oil level due to chan!e in am"ient temperature.

"ri*ci'8) ,9 W,r5i*:
*1 (p V1 * . T

(p G -pplied Primary Volta!e *1 G 8i!h Volta!e capacitor * G #ntermediate volta!e capacitor V1 G Volta!e across #ntermediate tap of *apacitor =ivider . G Tunin! reactor TG #ntermediate Volta!e Transformer The e>uivalent c9t =ia!ram$

*1 . V1 * /

T V

The applied volta!e for this e>uivalent dia!ram is !iven "y$ (p V1 G 51H* ?*1) This intermediate volta!e V1 has "een fiCed as ?3 KV. The e>uivalent capacitance 5*1H* ) is compensated "e the series reactance of tunin! reactor and lea9a!e reactance of intermediate volta!e transformer7 such that the correct phase an!le displacement "etween primary and the secondary volta!e is reali3ed. The com"ined losses of reactor and copper losses of transformer windin!s are represented "y I/J.

400 KV !i*)+ 9r,( VST"S Switchyard

V&Ka"alpur L 4 ,o. V&Satna & V&Kor"a& 4 ,o. 1 ,o. 51 ,o. under construction)

./0 KV !i*)+
V&:adhan& ,o. V&Sin!rauli& 1 ,o. V&/ihand & 1 ,o.

Typical 400 kV Transmission Line

,TP*

V#,=8A-*8-.

4.A V AC SWITCH#EAR 31R S$YARD

%.% KV 1%00 KV- D&0)/ L1 +'M L 1 1/+0 3''& 6 1%00 KV- D&0)/ L## +'M L 1/+0 4'-& 3 %.% KV

412 V

412 V 1%00*.' '(S #S+.-T+/

412 V 1%00*.'

412 V

/ A '

11 1 13

4.A V ACDB7I
412 V 7 400 - TP, -.. '(S '-/ 20 83 5 0 K- 1+/ 1 L S)*) 412 V -* S:#T*8'+-/= & #

T+ 412 V -* S:E/.

'(S #S+.-T+/

T+ 412 V -* S:E/.

,TP*
220 V DC 400 A AL. BUS BAR SIZE (50 x 12.5 MM) PER POLE

V#,=8A-*8-.

000 V ACDB 7 I SIN#!E !INE DIA#RAM

100-?100-

200-? 200 -

200-

*8-/E) 1/+0 -*='&1

'(S #S+.-T+/

#,*+0)/ 1/+0 *8-/E)/ 1=/ /-T#,E 100 *-'.) /-T#,E * C 1* C 300 00

#,*+0)/ 1/+0 '-TT)/A

T#) T+ =*=' & ## 1=/ /-T#,E 200 *-'.) /-T#,E * C 1* C 300 00

,TP*

V#,=8A-*8-.

2
1/+0 412 V -* S:E/.

4.A V ACDB7II
412 V 7 400 - TP, -.. '(S '-/ 20 83 5 0 K- 1+/ 1 L S)*) 412 V -* S:#T*8'+-/= & ##

1/+0 412 V -* S:E/.

'(S #S+.-T+/

,TP*

V#,=8A-*8-.

000 V DCDB 7 I SIN#!E !INE DIA#RAM

0 V =* 400 - -.. '(S '-/ S#N) 520 C 1 .2 00) P)/ P+.)

100-?100-

200-? 200 -

200-

*8-/E) 1/+0 -*='&1

'(S #S+.-T+/

#,*+0)/ 1/+0 *8-/E)/ 1=/ /-T#,E 100 *-'.) /-T#,E * C 1* C 300 00

#,*+0)/ 1/+0 '-TT)/A

T#) T+ =*=' & ## 1=/ /-T#,E 200 *-'.) /-T#,E * C 1* C 300 00

,TP*
220 V DC 400 A AL. BUS BAR SIZE (50 x 12.5 MM) PER POLE

V#,=8A-*8-.

000 V DCDB 7 II SIN#!E !INE DIA#RAM

100-?100-

200-? 200 -

200-

*8-/E) 1/+0 -*='&##

'(S #S+.-T+/

#,*+0)/ 1/+0 *8-/E)/ 1=/ /-T#,E 100 *-'.) /-T#,E * C 1* C 300 00

#,*+0)/ 1/+0 '-TT)/A

T#) T+ =*=' & # 1=/ /-T#,E 200 *-'.) /-T#,E * C 1* C 300 00

,TP*
50 V DC 400 A AL. BUS BAR SIZE (50 x 12.5 MM) PER POLE

V#,=8A-*8-.

A0 V DCDB SIN#!E !INE DIA#RAM

100-?100-

400-

100-? 100 *+,T-*T #S+.-T+/

*8-/E) 1/+0 -*='&##

*8-/E) 1/+0 -*='&1 #,*+0)/ 1/+0 0-#, *8-/E)/

#,*+0)/ 1/+0 /)S)/V) *8-/E)/ 1=/ /-T#,E 100 *-'.) /-T#,E * C 1* C 300 00

#,*+0)/ 1/+0 '-TT)/A

S"ECI3ICATI1N 13 BATTERY
1.,um"er of cells $ 'an9#&1067'an9##&10<7P.** 'an9& 4 .*apacity at 10& hour rate of distance to 1.62V?*ell5at ; de!.*)$ 200 -8 3.Muantity of -cid re>uired per cell for first fillin! 5as per #S$ %%)$13 .itres5-ppC) 4.Specific !ravity of acid for first fillin!$ OOO.1.1<0H0.002 2./ecommended Specific Eravity of electrolyte in fully char!ed condition$ O1. 10H0.002 %.)Cpected specific !ravity of electrolyte of fully dischar!ed "attery5at 10 hour rate)$ OOO..1.1005-ppC) ;.1irst char!e current$ 2 -mps 6.1irst char!e -mpere hour input$ 200 -8 <.,ormal rechar!e current$ 20 -mps 10.1inishin! char!e current $ 2 -mps 11.)>ualisin! char!e current$ 13 -mps 1 ./ecommended floatin! volta!e of the "attery $ OO. .1% VH 1Pper cell