PERTOLONGAN CEMAS

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Definisi
 Bantuan permulaan/rawatan pertama
 Mangsa
 Kemalangan/kecemasan/sakit secara
mengejut
 Sebelum ketibaan ambulan/Dr/pakar
perubatan

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Matlamat P. Cemas
 Menyelamatkan nyawa

 Hadkan kesan-kesan kecederaan

 Galakkan pemulihan

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Pemberi pertolongan cemas

 Menamatkan kursus latihan teori &

praktikal serta lulus peperiksaan
profesional (diiktiraf)

 St.John Ambulan

 Persatuan Bulan Sabit Merah

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Pemberi pertolongan cemas
 Terlatih secara profesional

 Boleh dinilai kebolehannya dan tetap

 Pengetahuan dan kemahiran yang kemas

kini

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T/j Pemberi Pertolongan Cemas
 Nilaikeadaan (pantas, selamat dan minta
bantuan)
 Kenalpasti kecederaan/ bentuk kesakitan
 Rawatan awal (peraturan/keutamaan)
 Rawatan di hospital
 Buat laporan
MPC

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T/j Pemberi Pertolongan Cemas
 Identify the condition of the victim(s) and set a plan of
action for caring the injury / illness

 Assess the circumstances and the safety of the setting in

which the victim(s) has(have) been encountered and
move the person only if necessary

 Multiple victim
 Possibility of immediate death
 Possibility of immediate death within hours
 Nonsevere injury
 Already death

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 Multiple injuries
 Restoration breathing
 Restoration of cardiac functioning
 Control severe bleeding
 Prevention or control of shock

 Control any crowd that may have gathered

 Record accurately the conditions of victim, evidence of

circumstances surrounding the emergency incident,
specific first aid care rendered and the response of
victim.

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 Provide physical and psychological reassurance to the
victim and any others involved in the emergency
situation

 Spontaneously improvise implements for bandages,

splinting, and moving or transporting the victim

 Arrange for or possibly carry out transportation of the

victim to an appropriate medical care source

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Documenting the First Aid Care
Delivered
 The exact time the victim was found
 A detailed condition of the victim as found
 The first aid care rendered, including the order
which it was provided and the response
(changes in condition) of the victim
 The circumstances (if known) contributing or
leading up to the onset of the injury or sudden
illness
Brown (pg .6)
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Legal Consideration
 Consent
 Expressed consent
 Implied consent
 Children and mentally incompetent adults
 Refusing help
 Abandonment
 Negligence
 Duty to act
 Breach of duty
 Injury and damages inflicted
 Confidentiality
 Good samaritan laws
 Rescue doctrine
NSC (pg. 7)

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The Need for Maintaining knowledge
and skill levels

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Material Used in First Aid

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