Guided By :Sudhanshu Nayak

Presented by Vinay Shukla Cs 3rd year

Network topology
Two or more devices connect to a link , two or more links form a topology.
A network topology describes the arrangement of systems on a computer network. It defines how the computers, or nodes, within the network are arranged and connected to each other

The topology of network is the geometric representation of the relationship of all the links connecting the devices.

Types of network topology

Bus topology Star topology Ring topology Mesh topology Tree topology Hybrid topology

1.Bus topology
In the bus topology, the computers are connected through a common communication media.
A special type of central wire is used as communication media. This central wire is called Bus. The computers that send data also attach address of the destination computer with the data. All computers connected to the bus receive the data but only that computer accept it whose address matches the address attached with data.

Diagram of bus topology

Advantages of bus topology

Bus topology is easy to understand ,install & use for small network. Inexpensive because bus topology requires least amount of cable to connect the computers.

Disadvantages of bus topology

In bus topology only one computer at a time can send a data therefore the speed of network reduces as the number of computers attached to the bus increases. Weak signals.

2.Star topology
In star topology the devices are not directly connect to each other. The star topology uses a separate cable for each work station. The cable connects the work station to a central device typically a HUB. If one device wants to send data to another , it sends the data first to the hub which then relays it to the other device connected to it.

Diagram of star topology

Advantages of star topology

star topology is easy to install. Multiple cable types supported by hub

Disadvantages of star topology

If the central hub fails , the whole network fails to operate.

Require more cables

3.Ring topology
In ring topology each computer is connected to the next computer and the last computer is connected to the first computer. Thus a ring of computers is formed.

Every computer is connected to the next computer in the ring and each transmits what it receives from the previous computer. The messages flow along the ring in one direction , from device to device , until it reaches its destination .

Diagram of ring topology

Advantages of ring topology

It is easy to install. There is no need for network server to control the connectivity between workstations. In ring topology all the traffic flows in only one direction at very high speed.

Disadvantages of ring topology

Failure of one computer on the ring can affect the whole network. Adding or removing the computers disturbs the network activity.

4.Mesh topology
mesh topology uses separate cable to connect each device to every other device on the network, providing a straight communication path . For sending messages, check the cable connected into two devices. A message is send directly from sender to receiver because each one has individual and separate connection.

Diagram of mesh topology

Advantages of mesh topology

Data may be transferred through different links.

It has privacy and security.

If one link becomes unusable, it does not disturb the whole system. Other links can be used for communication.

Disadvantages of mesh topology

Adding or removing a computer is difficult. Difficult to install and maintain. Expensive.

5.Tree topology
Tree Topology integrates the characteristics of Star and bus topology. Earlier we saw how in Physical Star network topology, computers (nodes) are connected by each other through central hub. And we also saw in Bus Topology, work station devices are connected by the common cable called Bus. After understanding these two network configurations, we can understand tree topology better.

In Tree Topology, the number of Star networks are connected using Bus . This main cable seems like a main steam of a tree, and other star networks as the branches.

Diagram of tree topology

Advantages of tree topology

It allows more devices to be attached to a single hub and can therefore increases the distance a signal can travel between devices.

Disadvantages of tree topology

More cabling is required in a tree than in other topologies (except mesh).

If the main backbone line breaks, the entire tree network goes down.
It is more difficult to configure and maintain.

6.Hybrid topology
Hybrid topology is the one which makes use of two or more topologies(bus , ring , mesh , star) together. Hybrid networks use a combination of any two or more topologies in such a way that the resulting network does not exhibit one of the standard topologies (e.g., bus, star, ring, etc.). For example, a tree network connected to a tree network is still a tree network topology. A hybrid topology is always produced when two different basic network topologies are connected. There are different ways in which a hybrid network is created

Advantages of hybrid topology

It provides a better result by it.

It can be designed in many ways for various purposes.

Disadvantages of hybrid topology

It is costly. Difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shuts down.

Diagram of hybrid topology

Thank you