Flash Pyrolysis Bio oil production

Description: Pyrolysis is a form of incineration that chemically decomposes organic materials by heat in the absence of oxygen. Pyrolysis typically occurs under atm pressure and at operating temperatures above 430 C (800 F). Organic materials are transformed into gases, small quantities of liquid, and a solid residue containing carbon and ash. The off-gases may also be treated in a secondary thermal oxidation unit.

Types of pyrolysis Technologies Pyrolysis technologies can be categorized as being of two types:
Slow Pyrolysis

Fast Pyrolysis (Flash Pyrolysis)

Slow Pyrolysis
Feed

stocks: Any Organic material Pre-treatment: sorting

Qualifications:

larger particles can be used and <10% moisture content to assure high heat transfer rate
Temp

less than 400 c

Fast Pyrolysis
Fast pyrolysis (Flash pyrolysis) takes place in less

than two seconds with temperatures between 400 and 750 degrees Celsius. Rapid thermal decomposition of organic compounds in the absence of oxygen to produce liquids (bio oil), char, and gas

Dry

feedstock: <10% Small particles: <3 mm Short residence times: 0.5 -2 s Moderate temperatures (600-850 C) Rapid quenching at the end of the process Typical yields Oil: 60 -70% Char: 12 -15% Gas: 13 -25%

Advantages Operates at atmospheric pressure and modest temperatures (450 C) Yields of bio-oil can exceed 70 wt-% Disadvantages High oxygen and water content of pyrolysis liquids makes them inferior to conventional hydrocarbon fuels Phase-separation and polymerization of the liquids and corrosion of containers make storage of these liquids difficult

Bio-Oil Pyrolysis liquid (bio-oil) from flash pyrolysis is a low viscosity, dark-brown fluid with up to 15 to 20% water
Saccharides Anhydrosugars Aldehydes Furans 3.3 6.5 10.1 0.35

Ketones
Alcohols Carboxylic acids Water-Soluble Total Above Pyrolytic Lignin Unaccounted fraction

1.24
2.0 11.0 34.5 20.6 11.4

Fast Pyrolysis can be further categorized as Ablative Fast Pyrolysis - pressure is applied to biomass to increase speed of decomposition through use of centrifugal or mechanical force. Larger particles of biomass can be used in this process. Cyclonic Fast Pyrolysis - also called vortex fast pyrolysis, separates the solids from the non-condensable gases and returns them to the mixer. Rotating Cone Fast Pyrolysis - uses a compact high intensity reactor in which biomass of ambient temperature is mixed with hot sand. Upon mixing with the hot sand, the biomass decomposes into 70% condensable gases with 15% noncondensable gases and 15% char.

Bio oil Production unit

In the above unit there are Feeding machine for biomass and/or combination of organic and inorganic material Pyrolysis Reactor Coal Combustor Bio Oil Quencher Air Cleaning System

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