Volleyball- is a team sports that can be played outdoors or indoors.

The team is composed of 12 players, but there is only 6 players who are actually playing inside the court. A team can assign a LIBERO and he is allowed to substitute any member of the team playing once the ball is dead. The Libero is not allowed to spike the ball in the attack area or at the back line in a court. His main duty is to stop, retrieve the ball and make a defensive play only. The main reason for having a Libero in the team is for the spikers to have a rest. A Libero sis automatically gets out if he becomes a front line player.

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players are allowed to use their heads or feet to retrieve the ball. The first team who reaches 25 points will be declared as the winner of the set. In case of 24-24 points of both teams, or deuce, a two point advantage is needed to win the set.

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playing a volleyball game, the duties and functions of officials should be defined because it is important for each player to know the limits of the authority and his relationship to others. The officials are composed of the first referee, the second referee, the scorer, and the linesmen.

The first referee is located at one end of the net. He carries out his functions seated or standing on a referees hand The first referee directs the match from the start until the end. He has the authority to over all officials and the members of the teams. During the match his decisions are final. To sanction misconduct. To decide upon the faults. He has the power to decide any matter involving the game, including those not provided for in rules.

He is the assistant of the first referee, but also his own range of jurisdiction. He controls the work of the scorer. He checks that the actual positions of the players on the court corresponding to those on the line up sheets. During the match, the second referee decides, whistles, and signals.
Positional faults. The contact of the player with the net. Penetration into the opponents court space under the net. The attack hit or blocking faults of the back row players. The ball that crosses the net outside the crossing space or touches the antenna on his side of the court >He supervise the team members on the team bench and reports their misconduct to the first referee. >He controls the numbers of time outs and substitutions used by each team and reports the second timeout.

He keeps the score sheet according to the rules, cooperating with the second referee. Register the data of the match and teams, according to procedures in force and obtains the signatures of the captains and the coaches. Records the starting line up of each team from line up sheet. He also records the points scored and ensures that the scoreboard indicates the right score. Controls the serving order to each team. Records the time-outs and players substitutions. Notifies the referees of a request for interruptions that is out of order. Announces to the referees the ends of each sets. Records the sanctions, warnings, and penalties. Record the final result. He will signing the score sheet. He writes or permits the team captain to write on the score sheet a statement on the incident protested.

The linesmen perform their functions by using flags. They signal the ball in and out whenever the ball lands their line/s. They signal the touches of out ball by the team receiving the ball. They signal when the ball crosses the net outside the crossing space, touching the antenna. The linesmen in charge of the end lines signal the foot faults of the server. At the first referees request, a linesman must repeat his signal.

Authorization to serve Team to serve. Change of court. Time out Substitution Misconduct warning or penalty.(yellow card) Expulsion.(both red and yellow card) Disqualification (both card but separated) End of set. Ball not tossed or released at the service hit. Delay in service. Blocking fault or screening. Positional or rotation fault. Ball in Ball out Held ball Double contact Four hits Irregular hit Net touched by a player or serve ball. Reaching beyond the net.

Attack hit fault by a back row player or on the opponent service.

Penetration into the opponents court. Double fault and replay. Ball touched. Ball passing outside the crossing space or servers foot fault. Judgment impossible Delay warning Delay penalty.

God Bless.